[v4,7/9] Windows gdb: Implement AVX register support

  This adds support for the Intel AVX registers on Windows.
It enables accessing registers $ymm0 - $ymm15 where they are available.

After this patch gdb.arch/i386-avx.exp passes on windows.
---
v3:
  - merged gdb+gdbserver parts, and split again AVX/AVX-512 parts
v4:
  - fixed $ymm15 in NEWS
  - Add common function windows_thread_info::zero_xstate_features,
    and fix maximum supported feature in for-loop
  - Add check for enabled xstate_features in get_context_reg_ptr of
    x86-windows-nat.c
  - Move amd64 variable in get_context_reg_ptr of win32-i386-low.cc
  - Changed all NULL to nullptr
  - Don't remove 'r == 0' from child_store_inferior_registers
---
 gdb/NEWS                    |  3 +++
 gdb/nat/windows-nat.c       | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 gdb/nat/windows-nat.h       |  6 +++++
 gdb/x86-windows-nat.c       | 51 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 gdbserver/win32-i386-low.cc | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 gdbserver/win32-low.cc      | 15 +++++++----
 6 files changed, 143 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
  

Hi Hannes,

some minor findings below.

With those fixed.

Reviewed-By: Rohr, Stephan <stephan.rohr@intel.com>

Thanks
Stephan

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Hannes Domani <ssbssa@yahoo.de>
> Sent: Wednesday, 30 September 2026 17:12
> To: gdb-patches@sourceware.org
> Subject: [PATCH v4 7/9] Windows gdb: Implement AVX register support
> 
> This adds support for the Intel AVX registers on Windows.
> It enables accessing registers $ymm0 - $ymm15 where they are available.
> 
> After this patch gdb.arch/i386-avx.exp passes on windows.
> ---
> v3:
>   - merged gdb+gdbserver parts, and split again AVX/AVX-512 parts
> v4:
>   - fixed $ymm15 in NEWS
>   - Add common function windows_thread_info::zero_xstate_features,
>     and fix maximum supported feature in for-loop
>   - Add check for enabled xstate_features in get_context_reg_ptr of
>     x86-windows-nat.c
>   - Move amd64 variable in get_context_reg_ptr of win32-i386-low.cc
>   - Changed all NULL to nullptr
>   - Don't remove 'r == 0' from child_store_inferior_registers
> ---
>  gdb/NEWS                    |  3 +++
>  gdb/nat/windows-nat.c       | 36 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-
>  gdb/nat/windows-nat.h       |  6 +++++
>  gdb/x86-windows-nat.c       | 51
> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
>  gdbserver/win32-i386-low.cc | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
>  gdbserver/win32-low.cc      | 15 +++++++----
>  6 files changed, 143 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/gdb/NEWS b/gdb/NEWS
> index 5d0c4745653..da4bc811c3a 100644
> --- a/gdb/NEWS
> +++ b/gdb/NEWS
> @@ -194,6 +194,9 @@ info locals
>    intent to remove it in a future release.
>    The s390 64-bit target (s390x-*) remains supported.
> 
> +* Support for Intel AVX registers on Windows.
> +  Support displaying and modifying Intel AVX registers $ymm0 - $ymm15.
> +
>  * Configure changes
> 
>  ** --with-babeltrace has been removed.  The babeltrace library was
> diff --git a/gdb/nat/windows-nat.c b/gdb/nat/windows-nat.c
> index 58be5368a79..cd3c827a5d5 100644
> --- a/gdb/nat/windows-nat.c
> +++ b/gdb/nat/windows-nat.c
> @@ -271,6 +271,40 @@ windows_thread_info::xfer_siginfo (gdb_byte
> *readbuf,
>    return true;
>  }
> 
> +#if defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__
> +/* See nat/windows-nat.h.  */
> +
> +void
> +windows_thread_info::zero_xstate_features ()
> +{
> +  if (xstate_features == 0)
> +    return;
> +
> +  proc->with_context (this, [] (auto *context)
> +    {
> +      DWORD64 features = 0;
> +      if (!get_xstate_features_mask (context, &features))
> +	return;
> +
> +      DWORD64 zeroed_features = xstate_features & ~features;
> +      if (zeroed_features == 0)
> +	return;
> +
> +      for (int f = X86_XSTATE_AVX_ID; f <= X86_XSTATE_AVX_ID; f++)

Start == End.

> +	{
> +	  DWORD64 flag = 1ULL << f;
> +	  if ((zeroed_features & flag) != 0)
> +	    {
> +	      DWORD size = 0;
> +	      void *loc = locate_xstate_feature (context, f, &size);
> +	      if (loc != nullptr && size > 0)
> +		memset (loc, 0, size);
> +	    }
> +	}
> +    });
> +}
> +#endif
> +
>  /* Try to determine the executable filename.
> 
>     EXE_NAME_RET is a pointer to a buffer whose size is EXE_NAME_MAX_LEN.
> @@ -1339,7 +1373,7 @@ initialize_loadable ()
>      {
>        /* Available XState features masked with implemented features.  */
>        xstate_features = (GetEnabledXStateFeatures ()
> -			 & X86_XSTATE_SSE_MASK);
> +			 & X86_XSTATE_AVX_MASK);
>        /* The extended XState functions are only needed if the available
>  	 features exceed SSE.  */
>        if ((xstate_features & ~X86_XSTATE_SSE_MASK) == 0)
> diff --git a/gdb/nat/windows-nat.h b/gdb/nat/windows-nat.h
> index a7d4af84e13..4cd75cb6a0e 100644
> --- a/gdb/nat/windows-nat.h
> +++ b/gdb/nat/windows-nat.h
> @@ -90,6 +90,12 @@ struct windows_thread_info
>  		     ULONGEST offset, ULONGEST len,
>  		     ULONGEST *xfered_len);
> 
> +#if defined __i386__ || defined __x86_64__
> +  /* Zero all XState feature areas that were not provided by
> +     GetThreadContext.  */
> +  void zero_xstate_features ();
> +#endif
> +
>    /* The process this thread belongs to.  */
>    windows_process_info *const proc;
> 
> diff --git a/gdb/x86-windows-nat.c b/gdb/x86-windows-nat.c
> index 3af5ef4dae0..1e44a45171c 100644
> --- a/gdb/x86-windows-nat.c
> +++ b/gdb/x86-windows-nat.c
> @@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
> 
>  #include "i386-tdep.h"
>  #include "i387-tdep.h"
> +#ifdef __x86_64__
> +#include "amd64-tdep.h"
> +#endif
> 
>  using namespace windows_nat;
> 
> @@ -70,6 +73,8 @@ struct x86_windows_nat_target final : public
> x86_nat_target<windows_nat_target>
>  			   windows_thread_info *th, int r) override;
> 
>    bool is_sw_breakpoint (const EXCEPTION_RECORD *er) const override;
> +
> +  const struct target_desc *read_description () override;
>  };
> 
>  /* The current process.  */
> @@ -109,7 +114,14 @@ x86_windows_per_inferior::fill_thread_context
> (windows_thread_info *th)
>        if (context->ContextFlags == 0)
>  	{
>  	  context->ContextFlags = WindowsContext<decltype(context)>::all;
> +	  if (xstate_features != 0)
> +	    {
> +	      context->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_XSTATE_FLAG;
> +	      set_xstate_features_mask (context, xstate_features);
> +	    }
>  	  CHECK (get_thread_context (th->h, context));
> +
> +	  th->zero_xstate_features ();
>  	}
>      });
>  }
> @@ -198,6 +210,14 @@
> x86_windows_nat_target::thread_context_continue (windows_thread_info
> *th,
>  	  if (GetExitCodeThread (th->h, &ec)
>  	      && ec == STILL_ACTIVE)
>  	    {
> +	      DWORD debug_registers =
> WindowsContext<decltype(context)>::debug;
> +	      if (xstate_features != 0
> +		  && (context->ContextFlags & ~debug_registers) != 0)
> +		{
> +		  context->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_XSTATE_FLAG;
> +		  set_xstate_features_mask (context, xstate_features);
> +		}
> +
>  	      BOOL status = set_thread_context (th->h, context);
> 
>  	      if (!killed)
> @@ -227,7 +247,7 @@ x86_windows_nat_target::thread_context_step
> (windows_thread_info *th,
> 
>  template<typename Context>
>  static char *
> -get_context_reg_ptr (Context *context, int r)
> +get_context_reg_ptr (Context *context, int r, i386_gdbarch_tdep *tdep)
>  {
>    const int *mappings;
>    int mappings_count;
> @@ -247,6 +267,14 @@ get_context_reg_ptr (Context *context, int r)
>    char *context_offset;
>    if (r < mappings_count)
>      context_offset = (char *) context + mappings[r];
> +  else if ((xstate_features & X86_XSTATE_AVX) != 0
> +	   && I387_YMM0H_REGNUM (tdep) > 0 && r >=
> I387_YMM0H_REGNUM (tdep)
> +	   && r < I387_YMMENDH_REGNUM (tdep))
> +    {
> +      context_offset = (char *) locate_xstate_feature
> +	(context, X86_XSTATE_AVX_ID, nullptr);
> +      context_offset += 16 * (r - I387_YMM0H_REGNUM (tdep));
> +    }
>    else
>      gdb_assert_not_reached ("invalid register number %d", r);
> 
> @@ -267,7 +295,7 @@ x86_windows_nat_target::fetch_one_register (struct
> regcache *regcache,
>    char *context_offset
>      = x86_windows_process.with_context (th, [&] (auto *context)
>      {
> -      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r);
> +      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r, tdep);
>      });
> 
>    gdb_assert (!gdbarch_read_pc_p (gdbarch));
> @@ -333,7 +361,7 @@ x86_windows_nat_target::store_one_register (const
> struct regcache *regcache,
>      = x86_windows_process.with_context (th, [&] (auto *context)
>      {
>        gdb_assert (context->ContextFlags != 0);
> -      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r);
> +      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r, tdep);
>      });
> 
>    /* GDB treats some registers as 32-bit, where they are in fact only
> @@ -368,6 +396,23 @@ x86_windows_nat_target::is_sw_breakpoint (const
> EXCEPTION_RECORD *er) const
>  	  || er->ExceptionCode == STATUS_WX86_BREAKPOINT);
>  }
> 

Add

/* See target.h.  */

> +const struct target_desc *
> +x86_windows_nat_target::read_description ()
> +{
> +  if (inferior_ptid == null_ptid)
> +    return this->beneath ()->read_description ();
> +
> +  if (xstate_features == 0)
> +    return nullptr;
> +
> +#ifdef __x86_64__
> +  if (!x86_windows_process.wow64_process)
> +    return amd64_target_description (xstate_features, false);
> +  else
> +#endif
> +    return i386_target_description (xstate_features, false);
> +}
> +
>  /* Hardware watchpoint support, adapted from go32-nat.c code.  */
> 
>  /* Pass the address ADDR to the inferior in the I'th debug register.
> diff --git a/gdbserver/win32-i386-low.cc b/gdbserver/win32-i386-low.cc
> index b77f6adc6ed..1a45b15e0cf 100644
> --- a/gdbserver/win32-i386-low.cc
> +++ b/gdbserver/win32-i386-low.cc
> @@ -253,6 +253,11 @@ i386_get_thread_context (windows_thread_info
> *th)
>  			       | WindowsContext<decltype(context)>::floating
>  			       | WindowsContext<decltype(context)>::debug
>  			       | extended_registers);
> +      if (xstate_features != 0)
> +	{
> +	  context->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_XSTATE_FLAG;
> +	  set_xstate_features_mask (context, xstate_features);
> +	}
> 
>        BOOL ret = get_thread_context (th->h, context);
>        if (!ret)
> @@ -267,6 +272,8 @@ i386_get_thread_context (windows_thread_info *th)
> 
>  	  error (_("GetThreadContext failure %ld\n"), (long) e);
>  	}
> +
> +      th->zero_xstate_features ();
>      });
>  }
> 
> @@ -292,6 +299,17 @@ i386_prepare_to_resume (windows_thread_info
> *th)
> 
>        th->debug_registers_changed = false;
>      }
> +
> +  windows_process.with_context (th, [&] (auto *context)
> +    {
> +      DWORD debug_registers = WindowsContext<decltype(context)>::debug;
> +      if (xstate_features != 0
> +	  && (context->ContextFlags & ~debug_registers) != 0)
> +	{
> +	  context->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_XSTATE_FLAG;
> +	  set_xstate_features_mask (context, xstate_features);
> +	}
> +    });
>  }
> 
>  static void
> @@ -477,26 +495,40 @@ is_segment_register (int r)
> 
>  template<typename Context>
>  static char *
> -get_context_reg_ptr (Context *context, int r)
> +get_context_reg_ptr (Context *context, int r, const target_desc *tdesc)
>  {
>    const int *mappings;
>    int mappings_count;
> +  bool amd64;
>  #ifdef __x86_64__
>    if (!windows_process.wow64_process)
>      {
>        mappings = amd64_mappings;
>        mappings_count = sizeof (amd64_mappings) / sizeof
> (amd64_mappings[0]);
> +      amd64 = true;
>      }
>    else
>  #endif
>      {
>        mappings = i386_mappings;
>        mappings_count = sizeof (i386_mappings) / sizeof (i386_mappings[0]);
> +      amd64 = false;
>      }
> 
> +  int ymm0h_regnum;
> +  const int num_xmm_registers = amd64 ? 16 : 8;
> +
>    char *context_offset;
>    if (r < mappings_count)
>      context_offset = (char *) context + mappings[r];
> +  else if ((xstate_features & X86_XSTATE_AVX) != 0
> +	   && r >= (ymm0h_regnum = find_regno (tdesc, "ymm0h"))
> +	   && r < ymm0h_regnum + num_xmm_registers)
> +    {
> +      context_offset = (char *) locate_xstate_feature
> +	(context, X86_XSTATE_AVX_ID, nullptr);

We don't check "context_offset" for nulltpr before adding the offsets. We're
checking for nullptr and size explicitly in "zero_xstate_features".  So, I was
wondering if we should add checks here, too.  IIUC, it should not be possible
to have "locate_xstate_feature () == nullptr" at this point.  Maybe add an
assert for consistency?

> +      context_offset += 16 * (r - ymm0h_regnum);
> +    }
>    else
>      gdb_assert_not_reached ("invalid register number %d", r);
> 
> @@ -510,7 +542,7 @@ i386_fetch_inferior_register (struct regcache
> *regcache,
>  {
>    char *context_offset = windows_process.with_context (th, [&] (auto
> *context)
>      {
> -      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r);
> +      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r, regcache->tdesc);
>      });
> 
>    /* GDB treats some registers as 32-bit, where they are in fact only
> @@ -538,7 +570,7 @@ i386_store_inferior_register (struct regcache
> *regcache,
>  {
>    char *context_offset = windows_process.with_context (th, [&] (auto
> *context)
>      {
> -      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r);
> +      return get_context_reg_ptr (context, r, regcache->tdesc);
>      });
> 
>    /* GDB treats some registers as 32-bit, where they are in fact only
> @@ -571,14 +603,17 @@ i386_arch_setup (void)
>  {
>   target_desc_up tdesc;
> 
> +  DWORD64 xcr0 = xstate_features;
> +  if (xcr0 == 0)
> +    xcr0 = X86_XSTATE_SSE_MASK;
> +
>  #ifdef __x86_64__
> -  tdesc = amd64_create_target_description (X86_XSTATE_SSE_MASK, false,
> -					   false, false);
> +  tdesc = amd64_create_target_description (xcr0, false, false, false);
>    init_target_desc (tdesc.get (), amd64_expedite_regs, WINDOWS_OSABI);
>    win32_tdesc = std::move (tdesc);
>  #endif
> 
> -  tdesc = i386_create_target_description (X86_XSTATE_SSE_MASK, false,
> false);
> +  tdesc = i386_create_target_description (xcr0, false, false);
>    init_target_desc (tdesc.get (), i386_expedite_regs, WINDOWS_OSABI);
>  #ifdef __x86_64__
>    wow64_win32_tdesc = std::move (tdesc);
> diff --git a/gdbserver/win32-low.cc b/gdbserver/win32-low.cc
> index 1103a802db7..3e80405f651 100644
> --- a/gdbserver/win32-low.cc
> +++ b/gdbserver/win32-low.cc
> @@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
>  #include <process.h>
>  #include "gdbsupport/gdb_tilde_expand.h"
>  #include "gdbsupport/common-inferior.h"
> +#include "tdesc.h"
> 
>  using namespace windows_nat;
> 
> @@ -427,8 +428,9 @@ child_fetch_inferior_registers (struct regcache
> *regcache, int r)
>    int regno;
>    windows_thread_info *th = windows_process.find_thread (current_thread-
> >id);
>    win32_require_context (th);
> -  if (r == -1 || r > NUM_REGS)
> -    child_fetch_inferior_registers (regcache, NUM_REGS);

With r != -1 and r > regcache->tdesc->reg_defs.size (), this may fall through into
"get_context_reg_ptr" and eventually into the gdb_assert_not_reached_part.

Maybe add another check, e.g.,

    int num_regs = regcache->tdesc->reg_defs.size ();
    if (r == -1 || r > num_regs)
      r = num_regs;

Same for child_store_inferior_registers.

> +  if (r == -1)
> +    child_fetch_inferior_registers (regcache,
> +				    regcache->tdesc->reg_defs.size ());
>    else
>      for (regno = 0; regno < r; regno++)
>        (*the_low_target.fetch_inferior_register) (regcache, th, regno);
> @@ -442,8 +444,9 @@ child_store_inferior_registers (struct regcache
> *regcache, int r)
>    int regno;
>    windows_thread_info *th = windows_process.find_thread (current_thread-
> >id);
>    win32_require_context (th);
> -  if (r == -1 || r == 0 || r > NUM_REGS)
> -    child_store_inferior_registers (regcache, NUM_REGS);
> +  if (r == -1 || r == 0)
> +    child_store_inferior_registers (regcache,
> +				    regcache->tdesc->reg_defs.size ());
>    else
>      for (regno = 0; regno < r; regno++)
>        (*the_low_target.store_inferior_register) (regcache, th, regno);
> @@ -1347,7 +1350,9 @@ void
>  initialize_low (void)
>  {
>    set_target_ops (&the_win32_target);
> -  the_low_target.arch_setup ();
> 
>    initialize_loadable ();
> +  /* Has to be done after initialize_loadable, because it uses the xstate
> +     functions if available.  */
> +  the_low_target.arch_setup ();
>  }
> --
> 2.55.0

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