diff --git a/gdb/target.c b/gdb/target.c
index 0c86b571e1c..0eae5307785 100644
--- a/gdb/target.c
+++ b/gdb/target.c
@@ -908,6 +908,15 @@ add_deprecated_target_alias (const target_info &tinfo, const char *alias)
 void
 target_kill (void)
 {
+
+  /* If the commit_resume_state of the to-be-killed-inferior's process stratum
+     is true, and this inferior is the last live inferior with resumed threads
+     of that target, then we want to leave commit_resume_state to false, as the
+     target won't have any resumed threads anymore.  We achieve this with
+     this scoped_disable_commit_resumed.  On construction, it will set the flag
+     to false.  On destruction, it will only set it to true if there are resumed
+     threads left.  */
+  scoped_disable_commit_resumed disable ("killing");
   current_inferior ()->top_target ()->kill ();
 }
 
diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/run-control-while-bg-execution.c b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/run-control-while-bg-execution.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8092fadc8b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/run-control-while-bg-execution.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+/* This testcase is part of GDB, the GNU debugger.
+
+   Copyright 2020-2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+   (at your option) any later version.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+					       //
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static pid_t mypid = -1;
+
+static void
+after_getpid (void)
+{
+}
+
+int
+main (void)
+{
+  mypid = getpid ();
+  after_getpid ();
+  sleep (30);
+}
diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/run-control-while-bg-execution.exp b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/run-control-while-bg-execution.exp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5b4834f0b32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.base/run-control-while-bg-execution.exp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Copyright 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+# GNU General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+# This test aims at testing various operations after getting rid of an inferior
+# that was running in background, or while we have an inferior running in
+# background.  The original intent was to expose cases where the commit-resumed
+# state of the process stratum target was not reset properly after killing an
+# inferior running in background, which would be a problem when trying to run
+# again.  The test was expanded to test various combinations of
+# run-control-related actions done with an inferior running in background.
+
+if {[use_gdb_stub]} {
+    unsupported "test requires running"
+    return
+}
+
+standard_testfile
+
+if {[build_executable "failed to prepare" $testfile $srcfile]} {
+    return
+}
+
+# Run one variation of the test:
+#
+# 1. Start an inferior in the background with "run &"
+# 2. Do action 1
+# 3. Do action 2
+#
+# Action 1 indicates what to do with the inferior running in background:
+#
+#  - kill: kill it
+#  - detach: detach it
+#  - add: add a new inferior and switch to it, leave the inferior running in
+#    background alone
+#  - none: do nothing, leave the inferior running in background alone
+#
+# Action 2 indicates what to do after that:
+#
+#  - start: use the start command
+#  - run: use the run command
+#  - attach: start a process outside of GDB and attach it
+proc do_test { action1 action2 } {
+    save_vars { ::GDBFLAGS } {
+	append ::GDBFLAGS " -ex \"maintenance set target-non-stop on\""
+	clean_restart $::binfile
+    }
+
+    # Ensure we are at least after the getpid call, should we need it.
+    if { ![runto "after_getpid"] } {
+	return
+    }
+
+    # Some commands below ask for confirmation.  Turn that off for simplicity.
+    gdb_test "set confirm off"
+    gdb_test_multiple "continue &" "" {
+	-re ".*\r\n$::gdb_prompt " {
+	    pass $gdb_test_name
+	}
+    }
+
+    if { $action1 == "kill" } {
+	gdb_test "kill" "Inferior 1 .* killed.*"
+    } elseif { $action1 == "detach" } {
+	set child_pid [get_integer_valueof "mypid" -1]
+	if { $child_pid == -1 } {
+	    fail "failed to extract child pid"
+	    return
+	}
+
+	gdb_test "detach" "Inferior 1 .* detached.*" "detach from first instance"
+
+	# Kill the detached process, to avoid hanging when exiting GDBserver,
+	# when testing with the native-extended-gdbserver board.
+	remote_exec target "kill $child_pid"
+    } elseif { $action1 == "add" } {
+	gdb_test "add-inferior -exec $::binfile" \
+	    "Added inferior 2 on connection 1.*" "add-inferior"
+	gdb_test "inferior 2" "Switching to inferior 2 .*"
+    } elseif { $action1 == "none" } {
+
+    } else {
+	error "invalid action 1"
+    }
+
+    if { $action2 == "start" } {
+	gdb_test "start" "Temporary breakpoint $::decimal\(?:\.$::decimal\)?, main .*"
+    } elseif { $action2 == "run" } {
+	gdb_test "break main" "Breakpoint $::decimal at $::hex.*"
+	gdb_test "run" "Breakpoint $::decimal\(?:\.$::decimal\)?, main .*"
+    } elseif { $action2 == "attach" } {
+	set test_spawn_id [spawn_wait_for_attach $::binfile]
+	set test_pid [spawn_id_get_pid $test_spawn_id]
+
+	if { [gdb_attach $test_pid] } {
+	    gdb_test "detach" "Inferior $::decimal .* detached.*" \
+		"detach from second instance"
+	}
+
+	# Detach and kill this inferior so we don't leave it around.
+	kill_wait_spawned_process $test_spawn_id
+    } else {
+	error "invalid action 2"
+    }
+}
+
+foreach_with_prefix action1 { kill detach add none } {
+    foreach_with_prefix action2 { start run attach } {
+	do_test $action1 $action2
+    }
+}
