diff --git a/gdb/cli/cli-cmds.c b/gdb/cli/cli-cmds.c
index 0930342..6d7532b 100644
--- a/gdb/cli/cli-cmds.c
+++ b/gdb/cli/cli-cmds.c
@@ -168,6 +168,10 @@ struct cmd_list_element *maintenanceinfolist;
 
 struct cmd_list_element *maintenanceprintlist;
 
+/* Chain containing all defined "maintenance check" subcommands.  */
+
+struct cmd_list_element *maintenancechecklist;
+
 struct cmd_list_element *setprintlist;
 
 struct cmd_list_element *showprintlist;
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
index 08a7681..17b4c69 100644
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
+++ b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
@@ -34698,6 +34698,11 @@ The created source file is built into @value{GDBN} when @value{GDBN} is
 built again.  This command is used by developers after they add or
 modify XML target descriptions.
 
+@kindex maint check xml-descriptions
+@item maint check xml-descriptions @var{dir}
+Check that the target descriptions dynamically created by @value{GDBN}
+equal the descriptions created from XML files found in @var{dir}.
+
 @kindex maint print dummy-frames
 @item maint print dummy-frames
 Prints the contents of @value{GDBN}'s internal dummy-frame stack.
diff --git a/gdb/gdbcmd.h b/gdb/gdbcmd.h
index fbd0cb9..14c7f4e 100644
--- a/gdb/gdbcmd.h
+++ b/gdb/gdbcmd.h
@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@ extern struct cmd_list_element *maintenanceinfolist;
 
 extern struct cmd_list_element *maintenanceprintlist;
 
+/* Chain containing all defined "maintenance check" subcommands.  */
+
+extern struct cmd_list_element *maintenancechecklist;
+
 /* Chain containing all defined "maintenance set" subcommands.  */
 
 extern struct cmd_list_element *maintenance_set_cmdlist;
diff --git a/gdb/i386-linux-tdep.c b/gdb/i386-linux-tdep.c
index 4c0f597..708de97 100644
--- a/gdb/i386-linux-tdep.c
+++ b/gdb/i386-linux-tdep.c
@@ -1116,4 +1116,28 @@ _initialize_i386_linux_tdep (void)
 {
   gdbarch_register_osabi (bfd_arch_i386, 0, GDB_OSABI_LINUX,
 			  i386_linux_init_abi);
+
+#if GDB_SELF_TEST
+  struct
+  {
+    const char *xml;
+    uint64_t mask;
+  } xml_masks[] = {
+    { "i386/i386-linux.xml", X86_XSTATE_SSE_MASK },
+    { "i386/i386-mmx-linux.xml", X86_XSTATE_X87_MASK },
+    { "i386/i386-avx-linux.xml", X86_XSTATE_AVX_MASK },
+    { "i386/i386-mpx-linux.xml", X86_XSTATE_MPX_MASK },
+    { "i386/i386-avx-mpx-linux.xml", X86_XSTATE_AVX_MPX_MASK },
+    { "i386/i386-avx-avx512-linux.xml", X86_XSTATE_AVX_AVX512_MASK },
+    { "i386/i386-avx-mpx-avx512-pku-linux.xml",
+      X86_XSTATE_AVX_MPX_AVX512_PKU_MASK },
+  };
+
+  for (auto &a : xml_masks)
+    {
+      auto tdesc = i386_linux_read_description (a.mask);
+
+      selftests::record_xml_tdesc (a.xml, tdesc);
+    }
+#endif /* GDB_SELF_TEST */
 }
diff --git a/gdb/maint.c b/gdb/maint.c
index d95f658..a0d43ec 100644
--- a/gdb/maint.c
+++ b/gdb/maint.c
@@ -178,6 +178,19 @@ maintenance_info_command (char *arg, int from_tty)
 	     gdb_stdout);
 }
 
+/* The "maintenance check" command is defined as a prefix, with
+   allow_unknown 0.  Therefore, its own definition is called only for
+   "maintenance check" with no args.  */
+
+static void
+maintenance_check_command (char *arg, int from_tty)
+{
+  printf_unfiltered (_("\"maintenance check\" must be followed "
+		       "by the name of a check command.\n"));
+  help_list (maintenancechecklist, "maintenance check ", all_commands,
+	     gdb_stdout);
+}
+
 /* Mini tokenizing lexer for 'maint info sections' command.  */
 
 static int
@@ -1104,6 +1117,11 @@ Print the internal architecture configuration.\n\
 Takes an optional file parameter."),
 	   &maintenanceprintlist);
 
+  add_prefix_cmd ("check", class_maintenance, maintenance_check_command, _("\
+Commands for checking internal gdb state."),
+		  &maintenancechecklist, "maintenance check ", 0,
+		  &maintenancelist);
+
   add_cmd ("translate-address", class_maintenance,
 	   maintenance_translate_address,
 	   _("Translate a section name and address to a symbol."),
diff --git a/gdb/target-descriptions.c b/gdb/target-descriptions.c
index d1755f4..0962792 100644
--- a/gdb/target-descriptions.c
+++ b/gdb/target-descriptions.c
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #include "hashtab.h"
 #include "inferior.h"
 #include <algorithm>
+#include "completer.h"
+#include "readline/tilde.h" /* tilde_expand */
 
 /* The interface to visit different elements of target description.  */
 
@@ -134,6 +136,20 @@ typedef struct tdesc_reg : tdesc_element
     v.visit (this);
   }
 
+  bool operator== (const tdesc_reg &other) const
+  {
+    return (streq (name, other.name)
+	    && target_regnum == other.target_regnum
+	    && save_restore == other.save_restore
+	    && bitsize == other.bitsize
+	    && (group == other.group || streq (group, other.group))
+	    && streq (type, other.type));
+  }
+
+  bool operator!= (const tdesc_reg &other) const
+  {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
 } *tdesc_reg_p;
 DEF_VEC_P(tdesc_reg_p);
 
@@ -248,6 +264,15 @@ typedef struct tdesc_type : tdesc_element
     v.visit (this);
   }
 
+  bool operator== (const tdesc_type &other) const
+  {
+    return (streq (name, other.name) && kind == other.kind);
+  }
+
+  bool operator!= (const tdesc_type &other) const
+  {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
 } *tdesc_type_p;
 DEF_VEC_P(tdesc_type_p);
 
@@ -312,6 +337,54 @@ typedef struct tdesc_feature : tdesc_element
 
     v.visit_post (this);
   }
+
+  bool operator== (const tdesc_feature &other) const
+  {
+    if (strcmp (name, other.name) != 0)
+      return false;
+
+    if (VEC_length (tdesc_reg_p, registers)
+	!= VEC_length (tdesc_reg_p, other.registers))
+      return false;
+
+    struct tdesc_reg *reg;
+
+    for (int ix = 0;
+	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_reg_p, registers, ix, reg);
+	 ix++)
+      {
+	tdesc_reg *reg2
+	  = VEC_index (tdesc_reg_p, other.registers, ix);
+
+	if (reg != reg2 && *reg != *reg2)
+	  return false;
+      }
+
+    if (VEC_length (tdesc_type_p, types)
+	!= VEC_length (tdesc_type_p, other.types))
+      return false;
+
+    tdesc_type *type;
+
+    for (int ix = 0;
+	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_type_p, types, ix, type);
+	 ix++)
+      {
+	tdesc_type *type2
+	  = VEC_index (tdesc_type_p, other.types, ix);
+
+	if (type != type2 && *type != *type2)
+	  return false;
+      }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!= (const tdesc_feature &other) const
+  {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
+
 } *tdesc_feature_p;
 DEF_VEC_P(tdesc_feature_p);
 
@@ -379,6 +452,39 @@ struct target_desc : tdesc_element
 
     v.visit_post (this);
   }
+
+  bool operator== (const target_desc &other) const
+  {
+    if (arch != other.arch)
+      return false;
+
+    if (osabi != other.osabi)
+      return false;
+
+    if (VEC_length (tdesc_feature_p, features)
+	!= VEC_length (tdesc_feature_p, other.features))
+      return false;
+
+    struct tdesc_feature *feature;
+
+    for (int ix = 0;
+	 VEC_iterate (tdesc_feature_p, features, ix, feature);
+	 ix++)
+      {
+	struct tdesc_feature *feature2
+	  = VEC_index (tdesc_feature_p, other.features, ix);
+
+	if (feature != feature2 && *feature != *feature2)
+	  return false;
+      }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!= (const target_desc &other) const
+  {
+    return !(*this == other);
+  }
 };
 
 /* Per-architecture data associated with a target description.  The
@@ -2210,6 +2316,50 @@ maint_print_c_tdesc_cmd (char *args, int from_tty)
     }
 }
 
+namespace selftests {
+
+static std::vector<std::pair<const char*, const target_desc *>> xml_tdesc;
+
+#if GDB_SELF_TEST
+
+/* See target-descritpions.h.  */
+
+void
+record_xml_tdesc (const char *xml_file, const struct target_desc *tdesc)
+{
+  xml_tdesc.emplace_back (xml_file, tdesc);
+}
+#endif
+
+}
+
+/* Check that the target descriptions created dynamically by
+   architecture-specific code equal the descriptions created from XML files
+   found in the specified directory DIR.  */
+
+static void
+maintenance_check_xml_descriptions (char *dir, int from_tty)
+{
+  if (dir == NULL)
+    error (_("Missing dir name"));
+
+  gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<char> dir1 (tilde_expand (dir));
+  std::string feature_dir (dir1.get ());
+  unsigned int failed = 0;
+
+  for (auto const &e : selftests::xml_tdesc)
+    {
+      std::string tdesc_xml = (feature_dir + SLASH_STRING + e.first);
+      const target_desc *tdesc
+	= file_read_description_xml (tdesc_xml.data ());
+
+      if (tdesc == NULL || *tdesc != *e.second)
+	failed++;
+    }
+  printf_filtered (_("Tested %lu XML files, %d failed\n"),
+		   (long) selftests::xml_tdesc.size (), failed);
+}
+
 /* Provide a prototype to silence -Wmissing-prototypes.  */
 extern initialize_file_ftype _initialize_target_descriptions;
 
@@ -2250,4 +2400,14 @@ GDB will read the description from the target."),
   add_cmd ("c-tdesc", class_maintenance, maint_print_c_tdesc_cmd, _("\
 Print the current target description as a C source file."),
 	   &maintenanceprintlist);
+
+  cmd_list_element *cmd;
+
+  cmd = add_cmd ("xml-descriptions", class_maintenance,
+		 maintenance_check_xml_descriptions, _("\
+Check the target descriptions created in GDB equal the descriptions\n\
+created from XML files in the directory.\n\
+The parameter is the directory name."),
+		 &maintenancechecklist);
+  set_cmd_completer (cmd, filename_completer);
 }
diff --git a/gdb/target-descriptions.h b/gdb/target-descriptions.h
index 361ac97..591da15 100644
--- a/gdb/target-descriptions.h
+++ b/gdb/target-descriptions.h
@@ -253,4 +253,16 @@ void tdesc_create_reg (struct tdesc_feature *feature, const char *name,
 		       int regnum, int save_restore, const char *group,
 		       int bitsize, const char *type);
 
+#if GDB_SELF_TEST
+namespace selftests {
+
+/* Record that XML_FILE should generate a target description that equals
+   TDESC, to be verified by the "maintenance check xml-descriptions"
+   command.  */
+
+void record_xml_tdesc (const char *xml_file,
+		       const struct target_desc *tdesc);
+}
+#endif
+
 #endif /* TARGET_DESCRIPTIONS_H */
diff --git a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.gdb/unittest.exp b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.gdb/unittest.exp
index d6fc3de..c3e36e6 100644
--- a/gdb/testsuite/gdb.gdb/unittest.exp
+++ b/gdb/testsuite/gdb.gdb/unittest.exp
@@ -15,3 +15,8 @@
 
 gdb_start
 gdb_test "maintenance selftest" "Ran $decimal unit tests, 0 failed"
+
+if { ![is_remote host] } {
+    gdb_test "maintenance check xml-descriptions ${srcdir}/../features" \
+	"Tested $decimal XML files, 0 failed"
+}
