diff --git a/gdb/NEWS b/gdb/NEWS
index e08dd0d..8b13582 100644
--- a/gdb/NEWS
+++ b/gdb/NEWS
@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ maint print symbol-cache-statistics
 maint flush-symbol-cache
   Flush the contents of the symbol cache.
 
+maint set target-non-stop (on|off|auto)
+maint show target-non-stop
+  Control whether GDB targets always operate in non-stop mode even if
+  "set non-stop" is "off".  The default is "auto", meaning non-stop
+  mode is enabled if supported by the target.
+
 record btrace bts
 record bts
   Start branch trace recording using Branch Trace Store (BTS) format.
diff --git a/gdb/breakpoint.c b/gdb/breakpoint.c
index ab0010b..78278a6 100644
--- a/gdb/breakpoint.c
+++ b/gdb/breakpoint.c
@@ -12344,7 +12344,7 @@ update_global_location_list (enum ugll_insert_mode insert_mode)
 
       if (!found_object)
 	{
-	  if (removed && non_stop
+	  if (removed && target_is_non_stop_p ()
 	      && need_moribund_for_location_type (old_loc))
 	    {
 	      /* This location was removed from the target.  In
diff --git a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
index 1665372..cb84b81 100644
--- a/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
+++ b/gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo
@@ -34224,6 +34224,30 @@ asynchronous mode (@pxref{Background Execution}).  Normally the
 default is asynchronous, if it is available; but this can be changed
 to more easily debug problems occurring only in synchronous mode.
 
+@kindex maint set target-non-stop @var{mode} [on|off|auto]
+@kindex maint show target-non-stop
+@item maint set target-non-stop
+@itemx maint show target-non-stop
+
+This controls whether @value{GDBN} targets always operate in non-stop
+mode even if @code{set non-stop} is @code{off} (@pxref{Non-Stop
+Mode}).  The default is @code{auto}, meaning non-stop mode is enabled
+if supported by the target.
+
+@table @code
+@item maint set target-non-stop auto
+This is the default mode.  @value{GDBN} controls the target in
+non-stop mode if the target supports it.
+
+@item maint set target-non-stop on
+@value{GDBN} controls the target in non-stop mode even if the target
+does not indicate support.
+
+@item maint set target-non-stop off
+@value{GDBN} does not control the target in non-stop mode even if the
+target supports it.
+@end table
+
 @kindex maint set per-command
 @kindex maint show per-command
 @item maint set per-command
diff --git a/gdb/infcmd.c b/gdb/infcmd.c
index 03282a7..d73c596 100644
--- a/gdb/infcmd.c
+++ b/gdb/infcmd.c
@@ -2540,7 +2540,7 @@ attach_command_post_wait (char *args, int from_tty, int async_exec)
 	 selected thread is stopped, others may still be executing.
 	 Be sure to explicitly stop all threads of the process.  This
 	 should have no effect on already stopped threads.  */
-      if (non_stop)
+      if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
 	target_stop (pid_to_ptid (inferior->pid));
 
       /* Tell the user/frontend where we're stopped.  */
@@ -2645,7 +2645,7 @@ attach_command (char *args, int from_tty)
   init_wait_for_inferior ();
   clear_proceed_status (0);
 
-  if (non_stop)
+  if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       /* If we find that the current thread isn't stopped, explicitly
 	 do so now, because we're going to install breakpoints and
diff --git a/gdb/infrun.c b/gdb/infrun.c
index 75c5080..d9fc4e5 100644
--- a/gdb/infrun.c
+++ b/gdb/infrun.c
@@ -1624,7 +1624,7 @@ show_can_use_displaced_stepping (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
     fprintf_filtered (file,
 		      _("Debugger's willingness to use displaced stepping "
 			"to step over breakpoints is %s (currently %s).\n"),
-		      value, non_stop ? "on" : "off");
+		      value, target_is_non_stop_p () ? "on" : "off");
   else
     fprintf_filtered (file,
 		      _("Debugger's willingness to use displaced stepping "
@@ -1637,7 +1637,8 @@ show_can_use_displaced_stepping (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
 static int
 use_displaced_stepping (struct gdbarch *gdbarch)
 {
-  return (((can_use_displaced_stepping == AUTO_BOOLEAN_AUTO && non_stop)
+  return (((can_use_displaced_stepping == AUTO_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+	    && target_is_non_stop_p ())
 	   || can_use_displaced_stepping == AUTO_BOOLEAN_TRUE)
 	  && gdbarch_displaced_step_copy_insn_p (gdbarch)
 	  && find_record_target () == NULL);
@@ -2008,7 +2009,7 @@ start_step_over (void)
 	 because we wouldn't be able to resume anything else until the
 	 target stops again.  In non-stop, the resume always resumes
 	 only TP, so it's OK to let the thread resume freely.  */
-      if (!non_stop && !step_what)
+      if (!target_is_non_stop_p () && !step_what)
 	continue;
 
       switch_to_thread (tp->ptid);
@@ -2027,7 +2028,7 @@ start_step_over (void)
 	  return 1;
 	}
 
-      if (!non_stop)
+      if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
 	{
 	  /* On all-stop, shouldn't have resumed unless we needed a
 	     step over.  */
@@ -2383,7 +2384,15 @@ resume (enum gdb_signal sig)
 	      insert_single_step_breakpoint (gdbarch, aspace, pc);
 	      insert_breakpoints ();
 
-	      resume_ptid = user_visible_resume_ptid (user_step);
+	      /* In non-stop, we always control threads individually.
+		 Note that the target may always work in non-stop mode
+		 even with "set non-stop off", in which case
+		 user_visible_resume_ptid could return a wildcard
+		 ptid.  */
+	      if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
+		resume_ptid = inferior_ptid;
+	      else
+		resume_ptid = user_visible_resume_ptid (user_step);
 	      do_target_resume (resume_ptid, 0, GDB_SIGNAL_0);
 	      discard_cleanups (old_cleanups);
 	      tp->resumed = 1;
@@ -2498,8 +2507,14 @@ resume (enum gdb_signal sig)
   resume_ptid = user_visible_resume_ptid (user_step);
 
   /* Maybe resume a single thread after all.  */
-  if ((step || thread_has_single_step_breakpoints_set (tp))
-      && tp->control.trap_expected)
+  if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
+    {
+      /* If non-stop mode, threads are always controlled
+	 individually.  */
+      resume_ptid = inferior_ptid;
+    }
+  else if ((step || thread_has_single_step_breakpoints_set (tp))
+	   && tp->control.trap_expected)
     {
       /* We're allowing a thread to run past a breakpoint it has
 	 hit, by single-stepping the thread with the breakpoint
@@ -2929,11 +2944,52 @@ proceed (CORE_ADDR addr, enum gdb_signal siggnal)
 	 other thread was already doing one.  In either case, don't
 	 resume anything else until the step-over is finished.  */
     }
-  else if (started && !non_stop)
+  else if (started && !target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       /* A new displaced stepping sequence was started.  In all-stop,
 	 we can't talk to the target anymore until it next stops.  */
     }
+  else if (!non_stop && target_is_non_stop_p ())
+    {
+      /* In all-stop, but the target is always in non-stop mode.
+	 Start all other threads that are implicitly resumed too.  */
+      ALL_NON_EXITED_THREADS (tp)
+        {
+	  /* Ignore threads of processes we're not resuming.  */
+	  if (!ptid_match (tp->ptid, resume_ptid))
+	    continue;
+
+	  if (tp->resumed)
+	    {
+	      if (debug_infrun)
+		fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog,
+				    "infrun: proceed: [%s] resumed\n",
+				    target_pid_to_str (tp->ptid));
+	      gdb_assert (tp->executing || tp->suspend.waitstatus_pending_p);
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	  if (thread_is_in_step_over_chain (tp))
+	    {
+	      if (debug_infrun)
+		fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog,
+				    "infrun: proceed: [%s] needs step-over\n",
+				    target_pid_to_str (tp->ptid));
+	      continue;
+	    }
+
+	  if (debug_infrun)
+	    fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog,
+				"infrun: proceed: resuming %s\n",
+				target_pid_to_str (tp->ptid));
+
+	  reset_ecs (ecs, tp);
+	  switch_to_thread (tp->ptid);
+	  keep_going_pass_signal (ecs);
+	  if (!ecs->wait_some_more)
+	    error ("Command aborted.");
+	}
+    }
   else if (!tp->resumed && !thread_is_in_step_over_chain (tp))
     {
       /* The thread wasn't started, and isn't queued, run it now.  */
@@ -3145,7 +3201,7 @@ for_each_just_stopped_thread (for_each_just_stopped_thread_callback_func func)
   if (!target_has_execution || ptid_equal (inferior_ptid, null_ptid))
     return;
 
-  if (non_stop)
+  if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       /* If in non-stop mode, only the current thread stopped.  */
       func (inferior_thread ());
@@ -3626,7 +3682,7 @@ fetch_inferior_event (void *client_data)
   /* If an error happens while handling the event, propagate GDB's
      knowledge of the executing state to the frontend/user running
      state.  */
-  if (!non_stop)
+  if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     ts_old_chain = make_cleanup (finish_thread_state_cleanup, &minus_one_ptid);
   else
     ts_old_chain = make_cleanup (finish_thread_state_cleanup, &ecs->ptid);
@@ -3865,7 +3921,8 @@ adjust_pc_after_break (struct thread_info *thread,
      to get the "stopped by SW BP and needs adjustment" info out of
      the target/kernel (and thus never reach here; see above).  */
   if (software_breakpoint_inserted_here_p (aspace, breakpoint_pc)
-      || (non_stop && moribund_breakpoint_here_p (aspace, breakpoint_pc)))
+      || (target_is_non_stop_p ()
+	  && moribund_breakpoint_here_p (aspace, breakpoint_pc)))
     {
       struct cleanup *old_cleanups = make_cleanup (null_cleanup, NULL);
 
@@ -4142,7 +4199,7 @@ stop_all_threads (void)
   ptid_t entry_ptid;
   struct cleanup *old_chain;
 
-  gdb_assert (non_stop);
+  gdb_assert (target_is_non_stop_p ());
 
   if (debug_infrun)
     fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "infrun: stop_all_threads\n");
@@ -4454,7 +4511,7 @@ handle_inferior_event_1 (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
   {
     ptid_t mark_ptid;
 
-    if (!non_stop)
+    if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
       mark_ptid = minus_one_ptid;
     else if (ecs->ws.kind == TARGET_WAITKIND_SIGNALLED
 	     || ecs->ws.kind == TARGET_WAITKIND_EXITED)
@@ -4768,7 +4825,8 @@ Cannot fill $_exitsignal with the correct signal number.\n"));
 	  child = ecs->ws.value.related_pid;
 
 	  /* In non-stop mode, also resume the other branch.  */
-	  if (non_stop && !detach_fork)
+	  if (!detach_fork && (non_stop
+			       || (sched_multi && target_is_non_stop_p ())))
 	    {
 	      if (follow_child)
 		switch_to_thread (parent);
@@ -5052,7 +5110,7 @@ finish_step_over (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 	clear_step_over_info ();
     }
 
-  if (!non_stop)
+  if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     return 0;
 
   /* Start a new step-over in another thread if there's one that
@@ -5632,15 +5690,17 @@ handle_signal_stop (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 	  /* Reset trap_expected to ensure breakpoints are re-inserted.  */
 	  ecs->event_thread->control.trap_expected = 0;
 
-	  if (non_stop)
+	  if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
 	    {
+	      /* Either "set non-stop" is "on", or the target is
+		 always in non-stop mode.  In this case, we have a bit
+		 more work to do.  Resume the current thread, and if
+		 we had paused all threads, restart them while the
+		 signal handler runs.  */
 	      keep_going (ecs);
 
-	      /* The step-over has been canceled temporarily while the
-		 signal handler executes.  */
 	      if (was_in_line)
 		{
-		  /* We had paused all threads, restart them.  */
 		  restart_threads (ecs->event_thread);
 		}
 	      else if (debug_infrun)
@@ -6535,7 +6595,7 @@ process_event_stop_test (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 static int
 switch_back_to_stepped_thread (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 {
-  if (!non_stop)
+  if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       struct thread_info *tp;
       struct thread_info *stepping_thread;
@@ -6626,7 +6686,8 @@ switch_back_to_stepped_thread (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 
       ALL_NON_EXITED_THREADS (tp)
         {
-	  /* Ignore threads of processes we're not resuming.  */
+	  /* Ignore threads of processes the caller is not
+	     resuming.  */
 	  if (!sched_multi
 	      && ptid_get_pid (tp->ptid) != ptid_get_pid (ecs->ptid))
 	    continue;
@@ -6772,7 +6833,10 @@ keep_going_stepped_thread (struct thread_info *tp)
 				     stop_pc);
 
       tp->resumed = 1;
-      resume_ptid = user_visible_resume_ptid (tp->control.stepping_command);
+      if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
+	resume_ptid = inferior_ptid;
+      else
+	resume_ptid = user_visible_resume_ptid (tp->control.stepping_command);
       do_target_resume (resume_ptid, 0, GDB_SIGNAL_0);
     }
   else
@@ -7192,6 +7256,11 @@ stop_waiting (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 
   /* Let callers know we don't want to wait for the inferior anymore.  */
   ecs->wait_some_more = 0;
+
+  /* If all-stop, but the target is always in non-stop mode, stop all
+     threads now that we're presenting the stop to the user.  */
+  if (!non_stop && target_is_non_stop_p ())
+    stop_all_threads ();
 }
 
 /* Like keep_going, but passes the signal to the inferior, even if the
@@ -7306,7 +7375,7 @@ keep_going_pass_signal (struct execution_control_state *ecs)
 	 insert_breakpoints below, because that removes the breakpoint
 	 we're about to step over, otherwise other threads could miss
 	 it.  */
-      if (step_over_info_valid_p () && non_stop)
+      if (step_over_info_valid_p () && target_is_non_stop_p ())
 	stop_all_threads ();
 
       /* Stop stepping if inserting breakpoints fails.  */
diff --git a/gdb/linux-nat.c b/gdb/linux-nat.c
index f95e76c..3323a60 100644
--- a/gdb/linux-nat.c
+++ b/gdb/linux-nat.c
@@ -1396,13 +1396,13 @@ get_pending_status (struct lwp_info *lp, int *status)
     signo = GDB_SIGNAL_0; /* a pending ptrace event, not a real signal.  */
   else if (lp->status)
     signo = gdb_signal_from_host (WSTOPSIG (lp->status));
-  else if (non_stop && !is_executing (lp->ptid))
+  else if (target_is_non_stop_p () && !is_executing (lp->ptid))
     {
       struct thread_info *tp = find_thread_ptid (lp->ptid);
 
       signo = tp->suspend.stop_signal;
     }
-  else if (!non_stop)
+  else if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       struct target_waitstatus last;
       ptid_t last_ptid;
@@ -2953,7 +2953,7 @@ select_event_lwp (ptid_t filter, struct lwp_info **orig_lp, int *status)
      having stepped the thread, wouldn't understand what the trap was
      for, and therefore would report it to the user as a random
      signal.  */
-  if (!non_stop)
+  if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       event_lp = iterate_over_lwps (filter,
 				    select_singlestep_lwp_callback, NULL);
@@ -3301,7 +3301,7 @@ linux_nat_filter_event (int lwpid, int status)
     {
       enum gdb_signal signo = gdb_signal_from_host (WSTOPSIG (status));
 
-      if (!non_stop)
+      if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
 	{
 	  /* Only do the below in all-stop, as we currently use SIGSTOP
 	     to implement target_stop (see linux_nat_stop) in
@@ -3567,7 +3567,7 @@ linux_nat_wait_1 (struct target_ops *ops,
   status = lp->status;
   lp->status = 0;
 
-  if (!non_stop)
+  if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       /* Now stop all other LWP's ...  */
       iterate_over_lwps (minus_one_ptid, stop_callback, NULL);
@@ -3609,7 +3609,7 @@ linux_nat_wait_1 (struct target_ops *ops,
      clears it.  */
   last_resume_kind = lp->last_resume_kind;
 
-  if (!non_stop)
+  if (!target_is_non_stop_p ())
     {
       /* In all-stop, from the core's perspective, all LWPs are now
 	 stopped until a new resume action is sent over.  */
@@ -3742,7 +3742,7 @@ linux_nat_wait (struct target_ops *ops,
      specific_process, for example, see linux_nat_wait_1), and
      meanwhile the event became uninteresting.  Don't bother resuming
      LWPs we're not going to wait for if they'd stop immediately.  */
-  if (non_stop)
+  if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
     iterate_over_lwps (minus_one_ptid, resume_stopped_resumed_lwps, &ptid);
 
   event_ptid = linux_nat_wait_1 (ops, ptid, ourstatus, target_options);
@@ -4583,6 +4583,14 @@ linux_nat_supports_non_stop (struct target_ops *self)
   return 1;
 }
 
+/* to_always_non_stop_p implementation.  */
+
+static int
+linux_nat_always_non_stop_p (struct target_ops *self)
+{
+  return 0;
+}
+
 /* True if we want to support multi-process.  To be removed when GDB
    supports multi-exec.  */
 
@@ -4802,7 +4810,7 @@ linux_nat_stop_lwp (struct lwp_info *lwp, void *data)
 static void
 linux_nat_stop (struct target_ops *self, ptid_t ptid)
 {
-  if (non_stop)
+  if (target_is_non_stop_p ())
     iterate_over_lwps (ptid, linux_nat_stop_lwp, NULL);
   else
     linux_ops->to_stop (linux_ops, ptid);
@@ -4901,6 +4909,7 @@ linux_nat_add_target (struct target_ops *t)
   t->to_can_async_p = linux_nat_can_async_p;
   t->to_is_async_p = linux_nat_is_async_p;
   t->to_supports_non_stop = linux_nat_supports_non_stop;
+  t->to_always_non_stop_p = linux_nat_always_non_stop_p;
   t->to_async = linux_nat_async;
   t->to_terminal_inferior = linux_nat_terminal_inferior;
   t->to_terminal_ours = linux_nat_terminal_ours;
diff --git a/gdb/target-delegates.c b/gdb/target-delegates.c
index 36eacbf..8a92acf 100644
--- a/gdb/target-delegates.c
+++ b/gdb/target-delegates.c
@@ -1744,6 +1744,33 @@ debug_supports_non_stop (struct target_ops *self)
 }
 
 static int
+delegate_always_non_stop_p (struct target_ops *self)
+{
+  self = self->beneath;
+  return self->to_always_non_stop_p (self);
+}
+
+static int
+tdefault_always_non_stop_p (struct target_ops *self)
+{
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+debug_always_non_stop_p (struct target_ops *self)
+{
+  int result;
+  fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "-> %s->to_always_non_stop_p (...)\n", debug_target.to_shortname);
+  result = debug_target.to_always_non_stop_p (&debug_target);
+  fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stdlog, "<- %s->to_always_non_stop_p (", debug_target.to_shortname);
+  target_debug_print_struct_target_ops_p (&debug_target);
+  fputs_unfiltered (") = ", gdb_stdlog);
+  target_debug_print_int (result);
+  fputs_unfiltered ("\n", gdb_stdlog);
+  return result;
+}
+
+static int
 delegate_find_memory_regions (struct target_ops *self, find_memory_region_ftype arg1, void *arg2)
 {
   self = self->beneath;
@@ -4005,6 +4032,8 @@ install_delegators (struct target_ops *ops)
     ops->to_async = delegate_async;
   if (ops->to_supports_non_stop == NULL)
     ops->to_supports_non_stop = delegate_supports_non_stop;
+  if (ops->to_always_non_stop_p == NULL)
+    ops->to_always_non_stop_p = delegate_always_non_stop_p;
   if (ops->to_find_memory_regions == NULL)
     ops->to_find_memory_regions = delegate_find_memory_regions;
   if (ops->to_make_corefile_notes == NULL)
@@ -4232,6 +4261,7 @@ install_dummy_methods (struct target_ops *ops)
   ops->to_is_async_p = tdefault_is_async_p;
   ops->to_async = tdefault_async;
   ops->to_supports_non_stop = tdefault_supports_non_stop;
+  ops->to_always_non_stop_p = tdefault_always_non_stop_p;
   ops->to_find_memory_regions = dummy_find_memory_regions;
   ops->to_make_corefile_notes = dummy_make_corefile_notes;
   ops->to_get_bookmark = tdefault_get_bookmark;
@@ -4380,6 +4410,7 @@ init_debug_target (struct target_ops *ops)
   ops->to_is_async_p = debug_is_async_p;
   ops->to_async = debug_async;
   ops->to_supports_non_stop = debug_supports_non_stop;
+  ops->to_always_non_stop_p = debug_always_non_stop_p;
   ops->to_find_memory_regions = debug_find_memory_regions;
   ops->to_make_corefile_notes = debug_make_corefile_notes;
   ops->to_get_bookmark = debug_get_bookmark;
diff --git a/gdb/target.c b/gdb/target.c
index e992a35..0b0cc59 100644
--- a/gdb/target.c
+++ b/gdb/target.c
@@ -3752,6 +3752,67 @@ maint_show_target_async_command (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
 		      "asynchronous mode is %s.\n"), value);
 }
 
+/* Return true if the target operates in non-stop mode even with "set
+   non-stop off".  */
+
+static int
+target_always_non_stop_p (void)
+{
+  return current_target.to_always_non_stop_p (&current_target);
+}
+
+/* See target.h.  */
+
+int
+target_is_non_stop_p (void)
+{
+  return (non_stop
+	  || target_non_stop_enabled == AUTO_BOOLEAN_TRUE
+	  || (target_non_stop_enabled == AUTO_BOOLEAN_AUTO
+	      && target_always_non_stop_p ()));
+}
+
+/* Controls if targets can report that they always run in non-stop
+   mode.  This is just for maintainers to use when debugging gdb.  */
+enum auto_boolean target_non_stop_enabled = AUTO_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+
+/* The set command writes to this variable.  If the inferior is
+   executing, target_non_stop_enabled is *not* updated.  */
+static enum auto_boolean target_non_stop_enabled_1 = AUTO_BOOLEAN_AUTO;
+
+/* Implementation of "maint set target-non-stop".  */
+
+static void
+maint_set_target_non_stop_command (char *args, int from_tty,
+				   struct cmd_list_element *c)
+{
+  if (have_live_inferiors ())
+    {
+      target_non_stop_enabled_1 = target_non_stop_enabled;
+      error (_("Cannot change this setting while the inferior is running."));
+    }
+
+  target_non_stop_enabled = target_non_stop_enabled_1;
+}
+
+/* Implementation of "maint show target-non-stop".  */
+
+static void
+maint_show_target_non_stop_command (struct ui_file *file, int from_tty,
+				    struct cmd_list_element *c,
+				    const char *value)
+{
+  if (target_non_stop_enabled == AUTO_BOOLEAN_AUTO)
+    fprintf_filtered (file,
+		      _("Whether the target is always in non-stop mode "
+			"is %s (currently %s).\n"), value,
+		      target_always_non_stop_p () ? "on" : "off");
+  else
+    fprintf_filtered (file,
+		      _("Whether the target is always in non-stop mode "
+			"is %s.\n"), value);
+}
+
 /* Temporary copies of permission settings.  */
 
 static int may_write_registers_1 = 1;
@@ -3854,6 +3915,16 @@ Tells gdb whether to control the inferior in asynchronous mode."),
 			   &maintenance_set_cmdlist,
 			   &maintenance_show_cmdlist);
 
+  add_setshow_auto_boolean_cmd ("target-non-stop", no_class,
+				&target_non_stop_enabled_1, _("\
+Set whether gdb always controls the inferior in non-stop mode."), _("\
+Show whether gdb always controls the inferior in non-stop mode."), _("\
+Tells gdb whether to control the inferior in non-stop mode."),
+			   maint_set_target_non_stop_command,
+			   maint_show_target_non_stop_command,
+			   &maintenance_set_cmdlist,
+			   &maintenance_show_cmdlist);
+
   add_setshow_boolean_cmd ("may-write-registers", class_support,
 			   &may_write_registers_1, _("\
 Set permission to write into registers."), _("\
diff --git a/gdb/target.h b/gdb/target.h
index f14fbdb..10236f0 100644
--- a/gdb/target.h
+++ b/gdb/target.h
@@ -640,6 +640,10 @@ struct target_ops
        comment on 'to_can_run'.  */
     int (*to_supports_non_stop) (struct target_ops *)
       TARGET_DEFAULT_RETURN (0);
+    /* Return true if the target operates in non-stop mode even with
+       "set non-stop off".  */
+    int (*to_always_non_stop_p) (struct target_ops *)
+      TARGET_DEFAULT_RETURN (0);
     /* find_memory_regions support method for gcore */
     int (*to_find_memory_regions) (struct target_ops *,
 				   find_memory_region_ftype func, void *data)
@@ -1706,6 +1710,15 @@ extern int target_async_permitted;
 /* Enables/disabled async target events.  */
 extern void target_async (int enable);
 
+/* Whether support for controlling the target backends always in
+   non-stop mode is enabled.  */
+extern enum auto_boolean target_non_stop_enabled;
+
+/* Is the target in non-stop mode?  Some targets control the inferior
+   in non-stop mode even with "set non-stop off".  Always true if "set
+   non-stop" is on.  */
+extern int target_is_non_stop_p (void);
+
 #define target_execution_direction() \
   (current_target.to_execution_direction (&current_target))
 
