[v4] Target-independent store forwarding avoidance.

Message ID 20240708124654.3829120-1-manolis.tsamis@vrull.eu
State New
Headers
Series [v4] Target-independent store forwarding avoidance. |

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Commit Message

Manolis Tsamis July 8, 2024, 12:46 p.m. UTC
  This pass detects cases of expensive store forwarding and tries to avoid them
by reordering the stores and using suitable bit insertion sequences.
For example it can transform this:

     strb    w2, [x1, 1]
     ldr     x0, [x1]      # Expensive store forwarding to larger load.

To:

     ldr     x0, [x1]
     strb    w2, [x1]
     bfi     x0, x2, 0, 8

Assembly like this can appear with bitfields or type punning / unions.
On stress-ng when running the cpu-union microbenchmark the following speedups
have been observed.

  Neoverse-N1:      +29.4%
  Intel Coffeelake: +13.1%
  AMD 5950X:        +17.5%

gcc/ChangeLog:

	* Makefile.in: Add avoid-store-forwarding.o
	* common.opt: New option -favoid-store-forwarding.
	* doc/invoke.texi: New param store-forwarding-max-distance.
	* doc/passes.texi: Document new pass.
	* doc/tm.texi: Regenerate.
	* doc/tm.texi.in: Document new pass.
	* params.opt: New param store-forwarding-max-distance.
	* passes.def: Schedule a new pass.
	* target.def (HOOK_PREFIX): New target hook avoid_store_forwarding_p.
	* target.h (struct store_fwd_info): Declare.
	* tree-pass.h (make_pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding): Declare.
	* avoid-store-forwarding.cc: New file.
	* avoid-store-forwarding.h: New file.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-1.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-2.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-3.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-4.c: New test.
	* gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-5.c: New test.

Signed-off-by: Manolis Tsamis <manolis.tsamis@vrull.eu>
---

Changes in v4:
        - Change pass scheduling to run after sched1.
        - Add target hook to decide whether a store forwarding instance
        should be avoided or not.
        - Fix bugs.

Changes in v3:
        - Only emit SUBREG after calling validate_subreg.
        - Fix memory corruption due to vec self-reference.
        - Fix bitmap_bit_in_range_p ICE due to BLKMode.
        - Reject MEM to MEM sets.
        - Add get_load_mem comment.
        - Add new testcase.

Changes in v2:
        - Allow modes that are not scalar_int_mode.
        - Introduce simple costing to avoid unprofitable transformations.
        - Reject bit insert sequences that spill to memory.
        - Document new pass.
        - Fix and add testcases.

 gcc/Makefile.in                               |   1 +
 gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.cc                 | 597 ++++++++++++++++++
 gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.h                  |  50 ++
 gcc/common.opt                                |   4 +
 gcc/doc/invoke.texi                           |   9 +
 gcc/doc/passes.texi                           |   8 +
 gcc/doc/tm.texi                               |   9 +
 gcc/doc/tm.texi.in                            |   2 +
 gcc/params.opt                                |   4 +
 gcc/passes.def                                |   1 +
 gcc/target.def                                |  11 +
 gcc/target.h                                  |   3 +
 .../aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-1.c        |  28 +
 .../aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-2.c        |  39 ++
 .../aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-3.c        |  31 +
 .../aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-4.c        |  23 +
 .../aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-5.c        |  38 ++
 gcc/tree-pass.h                               |   1 +
 18 files changed, 859 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.cc
 create mode 100644 gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.h
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-1.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-2.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-3.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-4.c
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-5.c
  

Comments

Jeff Law Aug. 14, 2024, 9:58 p.m. UTC | #1
On 7/8/24 6:46 AM, Manolis Tsamis wrote:
> This pass detects cases of expensive store forwarding and tries to avoid them
> by reordering the stores and using suitable bit insertion sequences.
> For example it can transform this:
[ ... ]

So FYI.  Clean bootstrap and regression test on m68k, sh4, sh4eb, alpha 
and aarch64.

It appears to be triggering a bootstrap comparison failure on hppa. 
I'll try to extract a viable testcase for that asap.

loongarch, riscv64, s390x, ppc64 and mips64 landing over the coming days.

Jeff
  

Patch

diff --git a/gcc/Makefile.in b/gcc/Makefile.in
index 7d3ea27a6ab..420f0d26346 100644
--- a/gcc/Makefile.in
+++ b/gcc/Makefile.in
@@ -1685,6 +1685,7 @@  OBJS = \
 	statistics.o \
 	stmt.o \
 	stor-layout.o \
+	avoid-store-forwarding.o \
 	store-motion.o \
 	streamer-hooks.o \
 	stringpool.o \
diff --git a/gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.cc b/gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf26ab67e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@ 
+/* Avoid store forwarding optimization pass.
+   Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by VRULL GmbH.
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#include "avoid-store-forwarding.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "backend.h"
+#include "target.h"
+#include "rtl.h"
+#include "alias.h"
+#include "rtlanal.h"
+#include "tree-pass.h"
+#include "cselib.h"
+#include "predict.h"
+#include "insn-config.h"
+#include "expmed.h"
+#include "recog.h"
+#include "regset.h"
+#include "df.h"
+#include "expr.h"
+#include "memmodel.h"
+#include "emit-rtl.h"
+#include "vec.h"
+
+/* This pass tries to detect and avoid cases of store forwarding.
+   On many processors there is a large penalty when smaller stores are
+   forwarded to larger loads.  The idea used to avoid the stall is to move
+   the store after the load and in addition emit a bit insert sequence so
+   the load register has the correct value.  For example the following:
+
+     strb    w2, [x1, 1]
+     ldr     x0, [x1]
+
+   Will be transformed to:
+
+     ldr     x0, [x1]
+     strb    w2, [x1]
+     bfi     x0, x2, 0, 8
+*/
+
+namespace {
+
+const pass_data pass_data_avoid_store_forwarding =
+{
+  RTL_PASS, /* type.  */
+  "avoid_store_forwarding", /* name.  */
+  OPTGROUP_NONE, /* optinfo_flags.  */
+  TV_NONE, /* tv_id.  */
+  0, /* properties_required.  */
+  0, /* properties_provided.  */
+  0, /* properties_destroyed.  */
+  0, /* todo_flags_start.  */
+  TODO_df_finish /* todo_flags_finish.  */
+};
+
+class pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding : public rtl_opt_pass
+{
+public:
+  pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding (gcc::context *ctxt)
+    : rtl_opt_pass (pass_data_avoid_store_forwarding, ctxt)
+  {}
+
+  /* opt_pass methods: */
+  virtual bool gate (function *)
+    {
+      return flag_avoid_store_forwarding && optimize >= 1
+	     && optimize_insn_for_speed_p ();
+    }
+
+  virtual unsigned int execute (function *) override;
+}; // class pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding
+
+static unsigned int stats_sf_detected = 0;
+static unsigned int stats_sf_avoided = 0;
+
+/* If expr is a SET that reads from memory then return the RTX for it's MEM
+   argument, otherwise return NULL.  Allows MEM to be zero/sign extended.  */
+
+static rtx
+get_load_mem (rtx expr)
+{
+  if (!expr)
+    return NULL_RTX;
+
+  rtx mem = SET_SRC (expr);
+
+  if (GET_CODE (mem) == ZERO_EXTEND
+      || GET_CODE (mem) == SIGN_EXTEND)
+    mem = XEXP (mem, 0);
+
+  if (MEM_P (mem))
+    return mem;
+  else
+    return NULL_RTX;
+}
+
+/* Return true iff a store to STORE_MEM would write to a sub-region of bytes
+   from what LOAD_MEM would read.  If true also store the relative byte offset
+   of the store within the load to OFF_VAL.  */
+
+static bool
+is_store_forwarding (rtx store_mem, rtx load_mem, HOST_WIDE_INT *off_val)
+{
+  if (known_ge (GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (store_mem)),
+		GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (load_mem))))
+    return false;
+
+  rtx off = simplify_gen_binary (MINUS, GET_MODE (XEXP (store_mem, 0)),
+				 XEXP (store_mem, 0), XEXP (load_mem, 0));
+
+  if (CONST_INT_P (off))
+    {
+      *off_val = INTVAL (off);
+      poly_uint64 store_mode_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (store_mem));
+      poly_uint64 load_mode_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (load_mem));
+      unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT store_size, load_size;
+      if (store_mode_size.is_constant (&store_size)
+	  && load_mode_size.is_constant (&load_size))
+	{
+	  gcc_checking_assert (store_size > 0 && load_size > 0);
+	  return *off_val >= 0
+		 && (store_size + *off_val <= load_size);
+	}
+    }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/* Return a bit insertion sequence that would make DEST have the correct value
+   if the store represented by STORE_INFO were to be moved after DEST.  */
+
+static rtx_insn *
+generate_bit_insert_sequence (store_fwd_info *store_info, rtx dest,
+			      machine_mode load_inner_mode)
+{
+  poly_uint64 store_mode_size
+    = GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (store_info->store_mem));
+  poly_uint64 load_mode_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (load_inner_mode);
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT store_size = store_mode_size.to_constant ();
+  unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT load_size = load_mode_size.to_constant ();
+  HOST_WIDE_INT bf_offset_bytes;
+
+  if (BYTES_BIG_ENDIAN)
+    bf_offset_bytes = load_size - store_size - store_info->offset;
+  else
+    bf_offset_bytes = store_info->offset;
+
+  start_sequence ();
+  store_bit_field (dest, store_size * BITS_PER_UNIT,
+		   bf_offset_bytes * BITS_PER_UNIT, 0, 0,
+		   GET_MODE (dest), store_info->mov_reg,
+		   false, false);
+
+  rtx_insn *insns = get_insns ();
+  unshare_all_rtl_in_chain (insns);
+  end_sequence ();
+
+  for (rtx_insn *insn = insns; insn; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
+    if (contains_mem_rtx_p (PATTERN (insn))
+	|| recog_memoized (insn) < 0)
+      return NULL;
+
+  return insns;
+}
+
+/* Given a list of small stores that are forwarded to LOAD_INSN, try to
+   rearrange them so that a store-forwarding penalty doesn't occur.  */
+
+static bool
+process_forwardings (vec<store_fwd_info> &stores, rtx_insn *load_insn)
+{
+  rtx load = single_set (load_insn);
+  rtx load_inner = get_load_mem (load);
+  machine_mode load_inner_mode = GET_MODE (load_inner);
+  poly_uint64 load_mode_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (load_inner_mode);
+  HOST_WIDE_INT load_size = load_mode_size.to_constant ();
+
+  /* If the stores cover all the bytes of the load without overlap then we can
+     eliminate the load entirely and use the computed value instead.  */
+
+  sbitmap forwarded_bytes = sbitmap_alloc (load_size);
+  bitmap_clear (forwarded_bytes);
+
+  unsigned int i;
+  store_fwd_info* it;
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (stores, i, it)
+    {
+      poly_uint64 store_mode_size = GET_MODE_SIZE (GET_MODE (it->store_mem));
+      HOST_WIDE_INT store_size = store_mode_size.to_constant ();
+      if (bitmap_bit_in_range_p (forwarded_bytes, it->offset,
+				 it->offset + store_size - 1))
+	break;
+      bitmap_set_range (forwarded_bytes, it->offset, store_size);
+    }
+
+  bitmap_not (forwarded_bytes, forwarded_bytes);
+  bool load_elim = bitmap_empty_p (forwarded_bytes);
+
+  stats_sf_detected++;
+
+  if (dump_file)
+    {
+      fprintf (dump_file, "Store forwarding%s detected:\n",
+	       (stores.length () > 1) ? "s" : "");
+
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (stores, i, it)
+	{
+	  fprintf (dump_file, "From: ");
+	  print_rtl_single (dump_file, it->store_insn);
+	}
+
+      fprintf (dump_file, "To: ");
+      print_rtl_single (dump_file, load_insn);
+
+      if (load_elim)
+	fprintf (dump_file, "(Load elimination candidate)\n");
+    }
+
+  rtx dest;
+  if (load_elim)
+    dest = gen_reg_rtx (load_inner_mode);
+  else
+    dest = SET_DEST (load);
+
+  int move_to_front = -1;
+  int total_cost = 0;
+
+  /* Check if we can emit bit insert instructions for all forwarded stores.  */
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (stores, i, it)
+    {
+      it->mov_reg = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (it->store_mem));
+      rtx_insn *insns = NULL;
+
+      /* If we're eliminating the load then find the store with zero offset
+	 and use it as the base register to avoid a bit insert if possible.  */
+      if (load_elim && it->offset == 0
+	  && validate_subreg (GET_MODE (dest), GET_MODE (it->mov_reg),
+			      it->mov_reg, 0))
+	{
+	  start_sequence ();
+
+	  /* We can use a paradoxical subreg to force this to a wider mode, as
+	     the only use will be inserting the bits (i.e., we don't care about
+	     the value of the higher bits).  */
+	  rtx ext0 = gen_rtx_SUBREG (GET_MODE (dest), it->mov_reg, 0);
+	  rtx_insn *move0 = emit_move_insn (dest, ext0);
+	  if (recog_memoized (move0) >= 0)
+	    {
+	      insns = get_insns ();
+	      move_to_front = (int) i;
+	    }
+
+	  end_sequence ();
+	}
+
+      if (!insns)
+	insns = generate_bit_insert_sequence (&(*it), dest, load_inner_mode);
+
+      if (!insns)
+	{
+	  if (dump_file)
+	    {
+	      fprintf (dump_file, "Failed due to: ");
+	      print_rtl_single (dump_file, it->store_insn);
+	    }
+	  return false;
+	}
+
+      total_cost += seq_cost (insns, true);
+      it->bits_insert_insns = insns;
+    }
+
+  if (load_elim)
+    total_cost -= COSTS_N_INSNS (1);
+
+  if (targetm.avoid_store_forwarding_p)
+    {
+      /* If a target-specific hook exists to decide profitability of the
+	 specific store-forwarding instance then use that as it should be
+	 the most accurate.  */
+      if (!targetm.avoid_store_forwarding_p (stores, load_inner, total_cost,
+					     load_elim))
+	{
+	  if (dump_file)
+	    fprintf (dump_file, "Not transformed due to target decision.\n");
+
+	  return false;
+	}
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      /* Otherwise use a simple cost heurstic base on
+	 param_store_forwarding_max_distance.  In general the distance should
+	 be somewhat correlated to the store forwarding penalty; if the penalty
+	 is large then it is justified to increase the window size.  Use this
+	 to reject sequences that are clearly unprofitable.  */
+      int max_cost = COSTS_N_INSNS (param_store_forwarding_max_distance / 2);
+      if (total_cost > max_cost)
+	{
+	  if (dump_file)
+	    fprintf (dump_file, "Not transformed due to cost: %d > %d.\n",
+		     total_cost, max_cost);
+
+	  return false;
+	}
+    }
+
+  /* If we have a move instead of bit insert, it needs to be emitted first in
+     the resulting sequence.  */
+  if (move_to_front != -1)
+    {
+      store_fwd_info copy = stores[move_to_front];
+      stores.safe_push (copy);
+      stores.ordered_remove (move_to_front);
+    }
+
+  if (load_elim)
+    {
+      machine_mode outter_mode = GET_MODE (SET_DEST (load));
+      rtx_code extend = ZERO_EXTEND;
+      if (outter_mode != load_inner_mode)
+	extend = GET_CODE (SET_SRC (load));
+
+      start_sequence ();
+      rtx load_value = simplify_gen_unary (extend, outter_mode, dest,
+					   load_inner_mode);
+      rtx load_move = gen_move_insn (SET_DEST (load), load_value);
+      rtx_insn *insn = emit_insn (load_move);
+      rtx_insn *seq = get_insns ();
+      end_sequence ();
+
+      if (recog_memoized (insn) < 0)
+	return false;
+
+      df_insn_rescan (emit_insn_after (seq, load_insn));
+    }
+
+  if (dump_file)
+    {
+      fprintf (dump_file, "Store forwarding%s avoided with bit inserts:\n",
+	       (stores.length () > 1) ? "s" : "");
+
+      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (stores, i, it)
+	{
+	  if (stores.length () > 1)
+	    {
+	      fprintf (dump_file, "For: ");
+	      print_rtl_single (dump_file, it->store_insn);
+	    }
+
+	  fprintf (dump_file, "With sequence:\n");
+
+	  for (rtx_insn *insn = it->bits_insert_insns; insn;
+	       insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
+	    {
+	      fprintf (dump_file, "  ");
+	      print_rtl_single (dump_file, insn);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+  stats_sf_avoided++;
+
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (stores, i, it)
+    {
+      /* Emit code that updated the loaded value to account for the
+	 missing store.  */
+      df_insn_rescan (emit_insn_after (it->bits_insert_insns, load_insn));
+    }
+
+  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT (stores, i, it)
+    {
+      rtx store_set = single_set (it->store_insn);
+      /* Create a register move at the store's original position to save the
+	 stored value.  */
+      rtx mov1 = gen_move_insn (it->mov_reg, SET_SRC (store_set));
+      df_insn_rescan (emit_insn_before (mov1, it->store_insn));
+      /* Create a new store after the load with the saved original value.
+	 This avoids the forwarding stall.  */
+      rtx mov2 = gen_move_insn (SET_DEST (store_set), it->mov_reg);
+      df_insn_rescan (emit_insn_after (mov2, load_insn));
+      /* Done, delete the original store.  */
+      set_insn_deleted (it->store_insn);
+    }
+
+  df_insn_rescan (load_insn);
+
+  if (load_elim)
+    set_insn_deleted (load_insn);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+/* Process BB for expensive store forwardings.  */
+
+static void
+avoid_store_forwarding (basic_block bb)
+{
+  auto_vec<store_fwd_info, 8> store_exprs;
+  rtx_insn *insn;
+  unsigned int insn_cnt = 0;
+
+  FOR_BB_INSNS (bb, insn)
+    {
+      if (!NONDEBUG_INSN_P (insn))
+	continue;
+
+      rtx set = single_set (insn);
+
+      /* Store forwarding issues are unlikely if we cross a call.
+	 Clear store forwarding candidates if we can't deal with INSN.  */
+      if (CALL_P (insn) || !set || volatile_refs_p (set)
+	  || GET_MODE (SET_DEST (set)) == BLKmode
+	  || (MEM_P (SET_DEST (set)) && MEM_P (SET_SRC (set))))
+	{
+	  store_exprs.truncate (0);
+	  continue;
+	}
+
+      rtx load_mem = get_load_mem (set);
+      int removed_count = 0;
+
+      if (MEM_P (SET_DEST (set)))
+	{
+	  /* Record store forwarding candidate.  */
+	  store_fwd_info info;
+	  info.store_insn = insn;
+	  info.store_mem = SET_DEST (set);
+	  info.insn_cnt = insn_cnt;
+	  info.remove = false;
+	  info.forwarded = false;
+	  store_exprs.safe_push (info);
+	}
+      else if (load_mem)
+	{
+	  /* Process load for possible store forwardings.  */
+	  auto_vec<store_fwd_info> forwardings;
+	  bool partial_forwarding = false;
+	  bool remove_rest = false;
+
+	  unsigned int i;
+	  store_fwd_info *it;
+	  FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT_REVERSE (store_exprs, i, it)
+	    {
+	      rtx store_mem = it->store_mem;
+	      HOST_WIDE_INT off_val;
+
+	      if (remove_rest)
+		{
+		  it->remove = true;
+		  removed_count++;
+		}
+	      else if (is_store_forwarding (store_mem, load_mem, &off_val))
+		{
+		  /* Check if moving this store after the load is legal.  */
+		  bool write_dep = false;
+		  for (unsigned int j = store_exprs.length () - 1; j != i; j--)
+		    if (!store_exprs[j].forwarded
+			&& output_dependence (store_mem,
+					      store_exprs[j].store_mem))
+		      {
+			write_dep = true;
+			break;
+		      }
+
+		  if (!write_dep)
+		    {
+		      it->forwarded = true;
+		      it->offset = off_val;
+		      forwardings.safe_push (*it);
+		    }
+		  else
+		    partial_forwarding = true;
+
+		  it->remove = true;
+		  removed_count++;
+		}
+	      else if (true_dependence (store_mem, GET_MODE (store_mem),
+					load_mem))
+		{
+		  /* We cannot keep a store forwarding candidate if it possibly
+		     interferes with this load.  */
+		  it->remove = true;
+		  removed_count++;
+		  remove_rest = true;
+		}
+	    }
+
+	  if (!forwardings.is_empty () && !partial_forwarding)
+	    process_forwardings (forwardings, insn);
+	}
+      else
+	{
+	  rtx reg = SET_DEST (set);
+
+	  while (GET_CODE (reg) == ZERO_EXTRACT
+		|| GET_CODE (reg) == STRICT_LOW_PART
+		|| GET_CODE (reg) == SUBREG)
+	    reg = XEXP (reg, 0);
+
+	  /* Drop store forwarding candidates when the address register is
+	     overwritten.  */
+	  if (REG_P (reg))
+	    {
+	      bool remove_rest = false;
+	      unsigned int i;
+	      store_fwd_info *it;
+	      FOR_EACH_VEC_ELT_REVERSE (store_exprs, i, it)
+		{
+		  if (remove_rest
+		      || reg_overlap_mentioned_p (reg, it->store_mem))
+		    {
+		      it->remove = true;
+		      removed_count++;
+		      remove_rest = true;
+		    }
+		}
+	    }
+	  else
+	    {
+	      /* We can't understand INSN.  */
+	      store_exprs.truncate (0);
+	      continue;
+	    }
+	}
+
+      if (removed_count)
+	{
+	  unsigned int i, j;
+	  store_fwd_info *it;
+	  VEC_ORDERED_REMOVE_IF (store_exprs, i, j, it, it->remove);
+	}
+
+      /* Don't consider store forwarding if the RTL instruction distance is
+	 more than PARAM_STORE_FORWARDING_MAX_DISTANCE.  */
+      if (!store_exprs.is_empty ()
+	  && (store_exprs[0].insn_cnt
+	      + param_store_forwarding_max_distance <= insn_cnt))
+	store_exprs.ordered_remove (0);
+
+      insn_cnt++;
+    }
+}
+
+unsigned int
+pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding::execute (function *fn)
+{
+  df_set_flags (DF_DEFER_INSN_RESCAN);
+  df_note_add_problem ();
+
+  init_alias_analysis ();
+  cselib_init (CSELIB_RECORD_MEMORY | CSELIB_PRESERVE_CONSTANTS);
+
+  stats_sf_detected = 0;
+  stats_sf_avoided = 0;
+
+  basic_block bb;
+  FOR_EACH_BB_FN (bb, fn)
+    avoid_store_forwarding (bb);
+
+  end_alias_analysis ();
+  cselib_finish ();
+  df_analyze ();
+
+  statistics_counter_event (fn, "Store forwardings detected: ",
+			    stats_sf_detected);
+  statistics_counter_event (fn, "Store forwardings avoided: ",
+			    stats_sf_detected);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+} // anon namespace.
+
+rtl_opt_pass *
+make_pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding (gcc::context *ctxt)
+{
+  return new pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding (ctxt);
+}
diff --git a/gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.h b/gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..216336672b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/avoid-store-forwarding.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ 
+/* Avoid store forwarding optimization pass.
+   Copyright (C) 2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+   Contributed by VRULL GmbH.
+
+   This file is part of GCC.
+
+   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
+   any later version.
+
+   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+   General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
+   <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
+
+#ifndef GCC_AVOID_STORE_FORWARDING_H
+#define GCC_AVOID_STORE_FORWARDING_H
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "system.h"
+#include "coretypes.h"
+#include "backend.h"
+#include "rtl.h"
+
+struct store_fwd_info
+{
+  /* The store instruction that is a store forwarding candidate.  */
+  rtx_insn *store_insn;
+  /* SET_DEST (single_set (store_insn)).  */
+  rtx store_mem;
+  /* The temporary that will hold the stored value at the original store
+     position.  */
+  rtx mov_reg;
+  /* The instruction sequence that inserts the stored value's bits at the
+     appropriate position in the loaded value.  */
+  rtx_insn *bits_insert_insns;
+  /* The byte offset for the store's position within the load.  */
+  HOST_WIDE_INT offset;
+
+  unsigned int insn_cnt;
+  bool remove;
+  bool forwarded;
+};
+
+#endif  /* GCC_AVOID_STORE_FORWARDING_H  */
diff --git a/gcc/common.opt b/gcc/common.opt
index a300470bbc5..ba5bfb7c46c 100644
--- a/gcc/common.opt
+++ b/gcc/common.opt
@@ -1747,6 +1747,10 @@  fgcse-sm
 Common Var(flag_gcse_sm) Init(0) Optimization
 Perform store motion after global common subexpression elimination.
 
+favoid-store-forwarding
+Common Var(flag_avoid_store_forwarding) Init(0) Optimization
+Try to avoid store forwarding.
+
 fgcse-las
 Common Var(flag_gcse_las) Init(0) Optimization
 Perform redundant load after store elimination in global common subexpression
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index b37c7af7a39..41c2ec18e99 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -12717,6 +12717,15 @@  loop unrolling.
 This option is enabled by default at optimization levels @option{-O1},
 @option{-O2}, @option{-O3}, @option{-Os}.
 
+@opindex favoid-store-forwarding
+@item -favoid-store-forwarding
+@itemx -fno-avoid-store-forwarding
+Many CPUs will stall for many cycles when a load partially depends on previous
+smaller stores.  This pass tries to detect such cases and avoid the penalty by
+changing the order of the load and store and then fixing up the loaded value.
+
+Disabled by default.
+
 @opindex ffp-contract
 @item -ffp-contract=@var{style}
 @option{-ffp-contract=off} disables floating-point expression contraction.
diff --git a/gcc/doc/passes.texi b/gcc/doc/passes.texi
index 4ac7a2306a1..639f6b325c8 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/passes.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/passes.texi
@@ -925,6 +925,14 @@  and addressing mode selection.  The pass is run twice, with values
 being propagated into loops only on the second run.  The code is
 located in @file{fwprop.cc}.
 
+@item Store forwarding avoidance
+
+This pass attempts to reduce the overhead of store to load forwarding.
+It detects when a load reads from one or more previous smaller stores and
+then rearranges them so that the stores are done after the load.  The loaded
+value is adjusted with a series of bit insert instructions so that it stays
+the same.  The code is located in @file{avoid-store-forwarding.cc}.
+
 @item Common subexpression elimination
 
 This pass removes redundant computation within basic blocks, and
diff --git a/gcc/doc/tm.texi b/gcc/doc/tm.texi
index f10d9a59c66..ddd4aa0d9ce 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/tm.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/tm.texi
@@ -7330,6 +7330,15 @@  the @code{POLY_VALUE_MIN}, @code{POLY_VALUE_MAX} and
 implementation returns the lowest possible value of @var{val}.
 @end deftypefn
 
+@deftypefn {Target Hook} bool TARGET_AVOID_STORE_FORWARDING_P (vec<store_fwd_info>, @var{rtx}, @var{int}, @var{bool})
+This hook, if defined, enables the use of the avoid-store-forwarding pass.
+Given a list of stores and a load instruction that reads from the location
+of the stores, this hook decides if it's profitable to emit additional code
+to avoid a potential store forwarding stall.  The additional instructions
+needed, the sequence cost and additional relevant information is given in
+the arguments so that the target can make an informed decision.
+@end deftypefn
+
 @node Scheduling
 @section Adjusting the Instruction Scheduler
 
diff --git a/gcc/doc/tm.texi.in b/gcc/doc/tm.texi.in
index 24596eb2f6b..a0ed0c38d80 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/tm.texi.in
+++ b/gcc/doc/tm.texi.in
@@ -4741,6 +4741,8 @@  Define this macro if a non-short-circuit operation produced by
 
 @hook TARGET_ESTIMATED_POLY_VALUE
 
+@hook TARGET_AVOID_STORE_FORWARDING_P
+
 @node Scheduling
 @section Adjusting the Instruction Scheduler
 
diff --git a/gcc/params.opt b/gcc/params.opt
index c17ba17b91b..84a32b28b4a 100644
--- a/gcc/params.opt
+++ b/gcc/params.opt
@@ -1032,6 +1032,10 @@  Allow the store merging pass to introduce unaligned stores if it is legal to do
 Common Joined UInteger Var(param_store_merging_max_size) Init(65536) IntegerRange(1, 65536) Param Optimization
 Maximum size of a single store merging region in bytes.
 
+-param=store-forwarding-max-distance=
+Common Joined UInteger Var(param_store_forwarding_max_distance) Init(10) IntegerRange(1, 1000) Param Optimization
+Maximum number of instruction distance that a small store forwarded to a larger load may stall.
+
 -param=switch-conversion-max-branch-ratio=
 Common Joined UInteger Var(param_switch_conversion_branch_ratio) Init(8) IntegerRange(1, 65536) Param Optimization
 The maximum ratio between array size and switch branches for a switch conversion to take place.
diff --git a/gcc/passes.def b/gcc/passes.def
index b8c21b1e435..75be38417d1 100644
--- a/gcc/passes.def
+++ b/gcc/passes.def
@@ -507,6 +507,7 @@  along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
       NEXT_PASS (pass_sms);
       NEXT_PASS (pass_live_range_shrinkage);
       NEXT_PASS (pass_sched);
+      NEXT_PASS (pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding);
       NEXT_PASS (pass_early_remat);
       NEXT_PASS (pass_ira);
       NEXT_PASS (pass_reload);
diff --git a/gcc/target.def b/gcc/target.def
index ce4d1ecd58b..52ae39dd6cc 100644
--- a/gcc/target.def
+++ b/gcc/target.def
@@ -6934,6 +6934,17 @@  HOOK_VECTOR_END (shrink_wrap)
 #undef HOOK_PREFIX
 #define HOOK_PREFIX "TARGET_"
 
+DEFHOOK
+(avoid_store_forwarding_p,
+ "This hook, if defined, enables the use of the avoid-store-forwarding pass.\n\
+Given a list of stores and a load instruction that reads from the location\n\
+of the stores, this hook decides if it's profitable to emit additional code\n\
+to avoid a potential store forwarding stall.  The additional instructions\n\
+needed, the sequence cost and additional relevant information is given in\n\
+the arguments so that the target can make an informed decision.",
+ bool, (vec<store_fwd_info>, rtx, int, bool),
+ NULL)
+
 /* Determine the type of unwind info to emit for debugging.  */
 DEFHOOK
 (debug_unwind_info,
diff --git a/gcc/target.h b/gcc/target.h
index c1f99b97b86..5996738878c 100644
--- a/gcc/target.h
+++ b/gcc/target.h
@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@  class function_arg_info;
 /* This is defined in function-abi.h.  */
 class predefined_function_abi;
 
+/* This is defined in avoid-store-forwarding.h .  */
+struct store_fwd_info;
+
 /* These are defined in tree-vect-stmts.cc.  */
 extern tree stmt_vectype (class _stmt_vec_info *);
 extern bool stmt_in_inner_loop_p (class vec_info *, class _stmt_vec_info *);
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-1.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-1.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4712f101d5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ 
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -favoid-store-forwarding -fdump-rtl-avoid_store_forwarding" } */
+
+typedef union {
+    char arr_8[8];
+    long long_value;
+} DataUnion;
+
+long ssll_1 (DataUnion *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[0] = x;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+long ssll_2 (DataUnion *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[1] = x;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+long ssll_3 (DataUnion *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[7] = x;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwarding detected" 3 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwarding avoided" 3 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-2.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-2.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b958612173b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ 
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -favoid-store-forwarding -fdump-rtl-avoid_store_forwarding" } */
+
+typedef union {
+    char arr_8[8];
+    int long_value;
+} DataUnion1;
+
+long no_ssll_1 (DataUnion1 *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[4] = x;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+long no_ssll_2 (DataUnion1 *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[5] = x;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+typedef union {
+    char arr_8[8];
+    short long_value[4];
+} DataUnion2;
+
+long no_ssll_3 (DataUnion2 *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[4] = x;
+  return data->long_value[1];
+}
+
+long no_ssll_4 (DataUnion2 *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[0] = x;
+  return data->long_value[1];
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwarding detected" 0 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwarding avoided" 0 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-3.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-3.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f4814c1a4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-3.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ 
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -favoid-store-forwarding -fdump-rtl-avoid_store_forwarding" } */
+
+typedef union {
+    char arr_8[8];
+    long long_value;
+} DataUnion;
+
+long ssll_multi_1 (DataUnion *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[0] = x;
+  data->arr_8[2] = x;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+long ssll_multi_2 (DataUnion *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_8[0] = x;
+  data->arr_8[1] = 11;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+long ssll_multi_3 (DataUnion *data, char x, short y)
+{
+  data->arr_8[1] = x;
+  __builtin_memcpy(data->arr_8 + 4, &y, sizeof(short));
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwardings detected" 3 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwardings avoided" 3 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-4.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-4.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..db3c6b6630b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-4.c
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ 
+/* { dg-do compile } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -favoid-store-forwarding -fdump-rtl-avoid_store_forwarding" } */
+
+typedef int v4si __attribute__ ((vector_size (16)));
+
+typedef union {
+    char arr_16[16];
+    v4si vec_value;
+} DataUnion;
+
+v4si ssll_vect_1 (DataUnion *data, char x)
+{
+  data->arr_16[0] = x;
+  return data->vec_value;
+}
+
+v4si ssll_vect_2 (DataUnion *data, int x)
+{
+  __builtin_memcpy(data->arr_16 + 4, &x, sizeof(int));
+  return data->vec_value;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwarding detected" 2 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-5.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-5.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2522df56905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/aarch64/avoid-store-forwarding-5.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ 
+/* { dg-do compile { target int128 } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2 -favoid-store-forwarding -fdump-rtl-avoid_store_forwarding" } */
+
+typedef float v4f __attribute__ ((vector_size (16)));
+
+typedef union {
+    float arr_2[4];
+    long long_value;
+    __int128 longlong_value;
+    v4f vec_value;
+} DataUnion;
+
+long ssll_load_elim_1 (DataUnion *data, float x)
+{
+  data->arr_2[0] = x;
+  data->arr_2[1] = 0.0f;
+  return data->long_value;
+}
+
+__int128 ssll_load_elim_2 (DataUnion *data, float x)
+{
+  data->arr_2[0] = x;
+  data->arr_2[1] = 0.0f;
+  data->arr_2[2] = x;
+  data->arr_2[3] = 0.0f;
+  return data->longlong_value;
+}
+
+v4f ssll_load_elim_3 (DataUnion *data, float x)
+{
+  data->arr_2[3] = x;
+  data->arr_2[2] = x;
+  data->arr_2[1] = x;
+  data->arr_2[0] = x;
+  return data->vec_value;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-rtl-dump-times "Store forwardings detected" 3 "avoid_store_forwarding" } } */
diff --git a/gcc/tree-pass.h b/gcc/tree-pass.h
index 9843d189d27..c9be943bd28 100644
--- a/gcc/tree-pass.h
+++ b/gcc/tree-pass.h
@@ -571,6 +571,7 @@  extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_dse3 (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_cprop (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_pre (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_hoist (gcc::context *ctxt);
+extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_avoid_store_forwarding (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_store_motion (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_cse_after_global_opts (gcc::context *ctxt);
 extern rtl_opt_pass *make_pass_rtl_ifcvt (gcc::context *ctxt);