c++: explicit spec of constrained member tmpl [PR107522]

  When defining a explicit specialization of a constrained member template
(of a class template) such as f and g in the below testcase, the
DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS of the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL are partially
instantiated, whereas its associated constraints are carried over
from the original template and thus are in terms of the original
DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.  So during normalization for such an explicit
specialization we need to consider the (parameters of) the most general
template, since that's what the constraints are in terms of and since we
always use the full set of template arguments during satisfaction.

Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
trunk and perhaps 12?

	PR c++/107522

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

	* constraint.cc (get_normalized_constraints_from_decl): Use the
	most general template for an explicit specialization of a
	member template.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          | 18 ++++++++---
 .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C    | 31 +++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
  

On 12/1/22 11:37, Patrick Palka wrote:
> When defining a explicit specialization of a constrained member template
> (of a class template) such as f and g in the below testcase, the
> DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS of the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL are partially
> instantiated, whereas its associated constraints are carried over
> from the original template and thus are in terms of the original
> DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.

But why are they carried over?  We wrote a specification of the 
constraints in terms of the temprate parameters of the specialization, 
why are we throwing that away?

> So during normalization for such an explicit
> specialization we need to consider the (parameters of) the most general
> template, since that's what the constraints are in terms of and since we
> always use the full set of template arguments during satisfaction.
> 
> Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
> trunk and perhaps 12?
> 
> 	PR c++/107522
> 
> gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* constraint.cc (get_normalized_constraints_from_decl): Use the
> 	most general template for an explicit specialization of a
> 	member template.
> 
> gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
> 
> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C: New test.
> ---
>   gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          | 18 ++++++++---
>   .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C    | 31 +++++++++++++++++++
>   2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
>   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> 
> diff --git a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> index ab0f66b3d7e..f1df84c2a1c 100644
> --- a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> +++ b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> @@ -973,11 +973,19 @@ get_normalized_constraints_from_decl (tree d, bool diag = false)
>        accepting the latter causes the template parameter level of U
>        to be reduced in a way that makes it overly difficult substitute
>        concrete arguments (i.e., eventually {int, int} during satisfaction.  */
> -  if (tmpl)
> -  {
> -    if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(tmpl) && !DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl))
> -      tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
> -  }
> +  if (tmpl && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (tmpl)
> +      && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl)
> +	  /* DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION means we're dealing with either a
> +	     partial specialization or an explicit specialization of a member
> +	     template.  In the former case all is well: the constraints are in
> +	     terms in TMPL's parameters.  But in the latter case TMPL's
> +	     parameters are partially instantiated whereas its constraints
> +	     aren't, so we need to consider (the parameters of) the most
> +	     general template.  The following test distinguishes between a
> +	     partial specialization and such an explicit specialization.  */
> +	  || (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl))
> +	      < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl)))))
> +    tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
>   
>     d = tmpl ? tmpl : decl;
>   
> diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> new file mode 100644
> index 00000000000..5b5a6df20ff
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
> +// PR c++/107522
> +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
> +
> +template<class T>
> +struct A
> +{
> +  template<int N>
> +  static void f() requires (N == 42);
> +
> +  template<class U>
> +  struct B {
> +    template<int N>
> +    static void g() requires (T(N) == 42);
> +  };
> +};
> +
> +template<>
> +template<int N>
> +void A<int>::f() requires (N == 42) { }
> +
> +template<>
> +template<>
> +template<int N>
> +void A<int>::B<int>::g() requires (int(N) == 42) { }
> +
> +int main() {
> +  A<int>::f<42>();
> +  A<int>::f<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
> +  A<int>::B<int>::g<42>();
> +  A<int>::B<int>::g<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
> +}
  

On Thu, 1 Dec 2022, Jason Merrill wrote:

> On 12/1/22 11:37, Patrick Palka wrote:
> > When defining a explicit specialization of a constrained member template
> > (of a class template) such as f and g in the below testcase, the
> > DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS of the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL are partially
> > instantiated, whereas its associated constraints are carried over
> > from the original template and thus are in terms of the original
> > DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.
> 
> But why are they carried over?  We wrote a specification of the constraints in
> terms of the temprate parameters of the specialization, why are we throwing
> that away?

Using the partially instantiated constraints would require adding a
special case to satisfaction since during satisfaction we currently
always use the full set of template arguments (relative to the most
general template).  For satisfaction of the partiall instantiated
constraints, we'd instead have to use the template arguments relative to
the explicit specialization, e.g. {42} instead of {{int},{42}} for
A<int>::f<42>.  Not sure if that would be preferable, but it seems
doable.

> 
> > So during normalization for such an explicit
> > specialization we need to consider the (parameters of) the most general
> > template, since that's what the constraints are in terms of and since we
> > always use the full set of template arguments during satisfaction.
> > 
> > Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
> > trunk and perhaps 12?
> > 
> > 	PR c++/107522
> > 
> > gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
> > 
> > 	* constraint.cc (get_normalized_constraints_from_decl): Use the
> > 	most general template for an explicit specialization of a
> > 	member template.
> > 
> > gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
> > 
> > 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C: New test.
> > ---
> >   gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          | 18 ++++++++---
> >   .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C    | 31 +++++++++++++++++++
> >   2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
> >   create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > 
> > diff --git a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> > index ab0f66b3d7e..f1df84c2a1c 100644
> > --- a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> > +++ b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> > @@ -973,11 +973,19 @@ get_normalized_constraints_from_decl (tree d, bool
> > diag = false)
> >        accepting the latter causes the template parameter level of U
> >        to be reduced in a way that makes it overly difficult substitute
> >        concrete arguments (i.e., eventually {int, int} during satisfaction.
> > */
> > -  if (tmpl)
> > -  {
> > -    if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(tmpl) && !DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl))
> > -      tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
> > -  }
> > +  if (tmpl && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (tmpl)
> > +      && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl)
> > +	  /* DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION means we're dealing with either a
> > +	     partial specialization or an explicit specialization of a member
> > +	     template.  In the former case all is well: the constraints are in
> > +	     terms in TMPL's parameters.  But in the latter case TMPL's
> > +	     parameters are partially instantiated whereas its constraints
> > +	     aren't, so we need to consider (the parameters of) the most
> > +	     general template.  The following test distinguishes between a
> > +	     partial specialization and such an explicit specialization.  */
> > +	  || (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl))
> > +	      < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl)))))
> > +    tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
> >       d = tmpl ? tmpl : decl;
> >   diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 00000000000..5b5a6df20ff
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
> > +// PR c++/107522
> > +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
> > +
> > +template<class T>
> > +struct A
> > +{
> > +  template<int N>
> > +  static void f() requires (N == 42);
> > +
> > +  template<class U>
> > +  struct B {
> > +    template<int N>
> > +    static void g() requires (T(N) == 42);
> > +  };
> > +};
> > +
> > +template<>
> > +template<int N>
> > +void A<int>::f() requires (N == 42) { }
> > +
> > +template<>
> > +template<>
> > +template<int N>
> > +void A<int>::B<int>::g() requires (int(N) == 42) { }
> > +
> > +int main() {
> > +  A<int>::f<42>();
> > +  A<int>::f<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
> > +  A<int>::B<int>::g<42>();
> > +  A<int>::B<int>::g<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
> > +}
> 
>
  

On 12/1/22 14:51, Patrick Palka wrote:
> On Thu, 1 Dec 2022, Jason Merrill wrote:
> 
>> On 12/1/22 11:37, Patrick Palka wrote:
>>> When defining a explicit specialization of a constrained member template
>>> (of a class template) such as f and g in the below testcase, the
>>> DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS of the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL are partially
>>> instantiated, whereas its associated constraints are carried over
>>> from the original template and thus are in terms of the original
>>> DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.
>>
>> But why are they carried over?  We wrote a specification of the constraints in
>> terms of the template parameters of the specialization, why are we throwing
>> that away?
> 
> Using the partially instantiated constraints would require adding a
> special case to satisfaction since during satisfaction we currently
> always use the full set of template arguments (relative to the most
> general template).

But not for partial specializations, right?  It seems natural to handle 
this explicit instantiation the way we handle partial specializations, 
as both have their constraints written in terms of their template 
parameters.

> For satisfaction of the partially instantiated
> constraints, we'd instead have to use the template arguments relative to
> the explicit specialization, e.g. {42} instead of {{int},{42}} for
> A<int>::f<42>.  Not sure if that would be preferable, but it seems
> doable.
> 
>>
>>> So during normalization for such an explicit
>>> specialization we need to consider the (parameters of) the most general
>>> template, since that's what the constraints are in terms of and since we
>>> always use the full set of template arguments during satisfaction.
>>>
>>> Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
>>> trunk and perhaps 12?
>>>
>>> 	PR c++/107522
>>>
>>> gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
>>>
>>> 	* constraint.cc (get_normalized_constraints_from_decl): Use the
>>> 	most general template for an explicit specialization of a
>>> 	member template.
>>>
>>> gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
>>>
>>> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C: New test.
>>> ---
>>>    gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          | 18 ++++++++---
>>>    .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C    | 31 +++++++++++++++++++
>>>    2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
>>>    create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>>
>>> diff --git a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
>>> index ab0f66b3d7e..f1df84c2a1c 100644
>>> --- a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
>>> +++ b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
>>> @@ -973,11 +973,19 @@ get_normalized_constraints_from_decl (tree d, bool
>>> diag = false)
>>>         accepting the latter causes the template parameter level of U
>>>         to be reduced in a way that makes it overly difficult substitute
>>>         concrete arguments (i.e., eventually {int, int} during satisfaction.
>>> */
>>> -  if (tmpl)
>>> -  {
>>> -    if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(tmpl) && !DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl))
>>> -      tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
>>> -  }
>>> +  if (tmpl && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (tmpl)
>>> +      && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl)
>>> +	  /* DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION means we're dealing with either a
>>> +	     partial specialization or an explicit specialization of a member
>>> +	     template.  In the former case all is well: the constraints are in
>>> +	     terms in TMPL's parameters.  But in the latter case TMPL's
>>> +	     parameters are partially instantiated whereas its constraints
>>> +	     aren't, so we need to consider (the parameters of) the most
>>> +	     general template.  The following test distinguishes between a
>>> +	     partial specialization and such an explicit specialization.  */
>>> +	  || (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl))
>>> +	      < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl)))))
>>> +    tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
>>>        d = tmpl ? tmpl : decl;
>>>    diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>> b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>> new file mode 100644
>>> index 00000000000..5b5a6df20ff
>>> --- /dev/null
>>> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>> @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
>>> +// PR c++/107522
>>> +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
>>> +
>>> +template<class T>
>>> +struct A
>>> +{
>>> +  template<int N>
>>> +  static void f() requires (N == 42);
>>> +
>>> +  template<class U>
>>> +  struct B {
>>> +    template<int N>
>>> +    static void g() requires (T(N) == 42);
>>> +  };
>>> +};
>>> +
>>> +template<>
>>> +template<int N>
>>> +void A<int>::f() requires (N == 42) { }
>>> +
>>> +template<>
>>> +template<>
>>> +template<int N>
>>> +void A<int>::B<int>::g() requires (int(N) == 42) { }
>>> +
>>> +int main() {
>>> +  A<int>::f<42>();
>>> +  A<int>::f<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
>>> +  A<int>::B<int>::g<42>();
>>> +  A<int>::B<int>::g<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
>>> +}
>>
>>
>
  

On Thu, 1 Dec 2022, Jason Merrill wrote:

> On 12/1/22 14:51, Patrick Palka wrote:
> > On Thu, 1 Dec 2022, Jason Merrill wrote:
> > 
> > > On 12/1/22 11:37, Patrick Palka wrote:
> > > > When defining a explicit specialization of a constrained member template
> > > > (of a class template) such as f and g in the below testcase, the
> > > > DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS of the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL are partially
> > > > instantiated, whereas its associated constraints are carried over
> > > > from the original template and thus are in terms of the original
> > > > DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.
> > > 
> > > But why are they carried over?  We wrote a specification of the
> > > constraints in
> > > terms of the template parameters of the specialization, why are we
> > > throwing
> > > that away?
> > 
> > Using the partially instantiated constraints would require adding a
> > special case to satisfaction since during satisfaction we currently
> > always use the full set of template arguments (relative to the most
> > general template).
> 
> But not for partial specializations, right?  It seems natural to handle this
> explicit instantiation the way we handle partial specializations, as both have
> their constraints written in terms of their template parameters.

True, but what about the general rule that we don't partially instantiate
constraints outside of declaration matching?  Checking satisfaction of
partially instantiated constraints here can introduce hard errors during
normalization, e.g.

  template<class T>
  concept C1 = __same_as(T, void);

  template<class T>
  concept C2 = C1<typename T::type>;

  template<int N>
  concept D = (N == 42);

  template<class T>
  struct A {
    template<int N>
    static void f() requires C2<T> || D<N>;
  };

  template<>
  template<int N>
  void A<int>::f() requires C2<int> || D<N> { }

  int main() {
    A<int>::f<42>();
  }

Normalization of the the partially instantiated constraints will give a
hard error due to 'int::type' being ill-formed, whereas the uninstantiated
constraints are fine.

> 
> > For satisfaction of the partially instantiated
> > constraints, we'd instead have to use the template arguments relative to
> > the explicit specialization, e.g. {42} instead of {{int},{42}} for
> > A<int>::f<42>.  Not sure if that would be preferable, but it seems
> > doable.
> > 
> > > 
> > > > So during normalization for such an explicit
> > > > specialization we need to consider the (parameters of) the most general
> > > > template, since that's what the constraints are in terms of and since we
> > > > always use the full set of template arguments during satisfaction.
> > > > 
> > > > Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
> > > > trunk and perhaps 12?
> > > > 
> > > > 	PR c++/107522
> > > > 
> > > > gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
> > > > 
> > > > 	* constraint.cc (get_normalized_constraints_from_decl): Use the
> > > > 	most general template for an explicit specialization of a
> > > > 	member template.
> > > > 
> > > > gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
> > > > 
> > > > 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C: New test.
> > > > ---
> > > >    gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          | 18 ++++++++---
> > > >    .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C    | 31
> > > > +++++++++++++++++++
> > > >    2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
> > > >    create mode 100644
> > > > gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > > > 
> > > > diff --git a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> > > > index ab0f66b3d7e..f1df84c2a1c 100644
> > > > --- a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> > > > +++ b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
> > > > @@ -973,11 +973,19 @@ get_normalized_constraints_from_decl (tree d, bool
> > > > diag = false)
> > > >         accepting the latter causes the template parameter level of U
> > > >         to be reduced in a way that makes it overly difficult substitute
> > > >         concrete arguments (i.e., eventually {int, int} during
> > > > satisfaction.
> > > > */
> > > > -  if (tmpl)
> > > > -  {
> > > > -    if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(tmpl) && !DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION
> > > > (tmpl))
> > > > -      tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
> > > > -  }
> > > > +  if (tmpl && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (tmpl)
> > > > +      && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl)
> > > > +	  /* DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION means we're dealing with either a
> > > > +	     partial specialization or an explicit specialization of a member
> > > > +	     template.  In the former case all is well: the constraints are in
> > > > +	     terms in TMPL's parameters.  But in the latter case TMPL's
> > > > +	     parameters are partially instantiated whereas its constraints
> > > > +	     aren't, so we need to consider (the parameters of) the most
> > > > +	     general template.  The following test distinguishes between a
> > > > +	     partial specialization and such an explicit specialization.  */
> > > > +	  || (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl))
> > > > +	      < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl)))))
> > > > +    tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
> > > >        d = tmpl ? tmpl : decl;
> > > >    diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > > > b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > > > new file mode 100644
> > > > index 00000000000..5b5a6df20ff
> > > > --- /dev/null
> > > > +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
> > > > @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
> > > > +// PR c++/107522
> > > > +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
> > > > +
> > > > +template<class T>
> > > > +struct A
> > > > +{
> > > > +  template<int N>
> > > > +  static void f() requires (N == 42);
> > > > +
> > > > +  template<class U>
> > > > +  struct B {
> > > > +    template<int N>
> > > > +    static void g() requires (T(N) == 42);
> > > > +  };
> > > > +};
> > > > +
> > > > +template<>
> > > > +template<int N>
> > > > +void A<int>::f() requires (N == 42) { }
> > > > +
> > > > +template<>
> > > > +template<>
> > > > +template<int N>
> > > > +void A<int>::B<int>::g() requires (int(N) == 42) { }
> > > > +
> > > > +int main() {
> > > > +  A<int>::f<42>();
> > > > +  A<int>::f<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
> > > > +  A<int>::B<int>::g<42>();
> > > > +  A<int>::B<int>::g<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
> > > > +}
> > > 
> > > 
> > 
> 
>
  

On 12/2/22 09:30, Patrick Palka wrote:
> On Thu, 1 Dec 2022, Jason Merrill wrote:
> 
>> On 12/1/22 14:51, Patrick Palka wrote:
>>> On Thu, 1 Dec 2022, Jason Merrill wrote:
>>>
>>>> On 12/1/22 11:37, Patrick Palka wrote:
>>>>> When defining a explicit specialization of a constrained member template
>>>>> (of a class template) such as f and g in the below testcase, the
>>>>> DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS of the corresponding TEMPLATE_DECL are partially
>>>>> instantiated, whereas its associated constraints are carried over
>>>>> from the original template and thus are in terms of the original
>>>>> DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS.
>>>>
>>>> But why are they carried over?  We wrote a specification of the
>>>> constraints in
>>>> terms of the template parameters of the specialization, why are we
>>>> throwing
>>>> that away?
>>>
>>> Using the partially instantiated constraints would require adding a
>>> special case to satisfaction since during satisfaction we currently
>>> always use the full set of template arguments (relative to the most
>>> general template).
>>
>> But not for partial specializations, right?  It seems natural to handle this
>> explicit instantiation the way we handle partial specializations, as both have
>> their constraints written in terms of their template parameters.
> 
> True, but what about the general rule that we don't partially instantiate
> constraints outside of declaration matching?  Checking satisfaction of
> partially instantiated constraints here can introduce hard errors during
> normalization, e.g.
> 
>    template<class T>
>    concept C1 = __same_as(T, void);
> 
>    template<class T>
>    concept C2 = C1<typename T::type>;
> 
>    template<int N>
>    concept D = (N == 42);
> 
>    template<class T>
>    struct A {
>      template<int N>
>      static void f() requires C2<T> || D<N>;
>    };
> 
>    template<>
>    template<int N>
>    void A<int>::f() requires C2<int> || D<N> { }
> 
>    int main() {
>      A<int>::f<42>();
>    }
> 
> Normalization of the the partially instantiated constraints will give a
> hard error due to 'int::type' being ill-formed, whereas the uninstantiated
> constraints are fine.

Hmm, interesting point, but in this example that happens because the 
specialization is nonsensical: we wouldn't be normalizing the 
partially-instantiated constraints so much as the ones that the user 
explicitly wrote, so a hard error seems justified.

>>> For satisfaction of the partially instantiated
>>> constraints, we'd instead have to use the template arguments relative to
>>> the explicit specialization, e.g. {42} instead of {{int},{42}} for
>>> A<int>::f<42>.  Not sure if that would be preferable, but it seems
>>> doable.
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> So during normalization for such an explicit
>>>>> specialization we need to consider the (parameters of) the most general
>>>>> template, since that's what the constraints are in terms of and since we
>>>>> always use the full set of template arguments during satisfaction.
>>>>>
>>>>> Bootstrapped and regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, does this look OK for
>>>>> trunk and perhaps 12?
>>>>>
>>>>> 	PR c++/107522
>>>>>
>>>>> gcc/cp/ChangeLog:
>>>>>
>>>>> 	* constraint.cc (get_normalized_constraints_from_decl): Use the
>>>>> 	most general template for an explicit specialization of a
>>>>> 	member template.
>>>>>
>>>>> gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:
>>>>>
>>>>> 	* g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C: New test.
>>>>> ---
>>>>>     gcc/cp/constraint.cc                          | 18 ++++++++---
>>>>>     .../g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C    | 31
>>>>> +++++++++++++++++++
>>>>>     2 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
>>>>>     create mode 100644
>>>>> gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>>>>
>>>>> diff --git a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
>>>>> index ab0f66b3d7e..f1df84c2a1c 100644
>>>>> --- a/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
>>>>> +++ b/gcc/cp/constraint.cc
>>>>> @@ -973,11 +973,19 @@ get_normalized_constraints_from_decl (tree d, bool
>>>>> diag = false)
>>>>>          accepting the latter causes the template parameter level of U
>>>>>          to be reduced in a way that makes it overly difficult substitute
>>>>>          concrete arguments (i.e., eventually {int, int} during
>>>>> satisfaction.
>>>>> */
>>>>> -  if (tmpl)
>>>>> -  {
>>>>> -    if (DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC(tmpl) && !DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION
>>>>> (tmpl))
>>>>> -      tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
>>>>> -  }
>>>>> +  if (tmpl && DECL_LANG_SPECIFIC (tmpl)
>>>>> +      && (!DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION (tmpl)
>>>>> +	  /* DECL_TEMPLATE_SPECIALIZATION means we're dealing with either a
>>>>> +	     partial specialization or an explicit specialization of a member
>>>>> +	     template.  In the former case all is well: the constraints are in
>>>>> +	     terms in TMPL's parameters.  But in the latter case TMPL's
>>>>> +	     parameters are partially instantiated whereas its constraints
>>>>> +	     aren't, so we need to consider (the parameters of) the most
>>>>> +	     general template.  The following test distinguishes between a
>>>>> +	     partial specialization and such an explicit specialization.  */
>>>>> +	  || (TMPL_PARMS_DEPTH (DECL_TEMPLATE_PARMS (tmpl))
>>>>> +	      < TMPL_ARGS_DEPTH (DECL_TI_ARGS (tmpl)))))
>>>>> +    tmpl = most_general_template (tmpl);
>>>>>         d = tmpl ? tmpl : decl;
>>>>>     diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>>>> b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>>>> new file mode 100644
>>>>> index 00000000000..5b5a6df20ff
>>>>> --- /dev/null
>>>>> +++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp2a/concepts-explicit-spec7.C
>>>>> @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
>>>>> +// PR c++/107522
>>>>> +// { dg-do compile { target c++20 } }
>>>>> +
>>>>> +template<class T>
>>>>> +struct A
>>>>> +{
>>>>> +  template<int N>
>>>>> +  static void f() requires (N == 42);
>>>>> +
>>>>> +  template<class U>
>>>>> +  struct B {
>>>>> +    template<int N>
>>>>> +    static void g() requires (T(N) == 42);
>>>>> +  };
>>>>> +};
>>>>> +
>>>>> +template<>
>>>>> +template<int N>
>>>>> +void A<int>::f() requires (N == 42) { }
>>>>> +
>>>>> +template<>
>>>>> +template<>
>>>>> +template<int N>
>>>>> +void A<int>::B<int>::g() requires (int(N) == 42) { }
>>>>> +
>>>>> +int main() {
>>>>> +  A<int>::f<42>();
>>>>> +  A<int>::f<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
>>>>> +  A<int>::B<int>::g<42>();
>>>>> +  A<int>::B<int>::g<43>(); // { dg-error "no match" }
>>>>> +}
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>