[3/4] Provide access to non SEC_HAS_CONTENTS core file sections

  Consider the following program:

Change-Id: I1adbb4e9047baad7cae7eab9c72e6d2b16f87d73

--- mkmmapcore.c ---

static char *buf;

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  buf = mmap (NULL, 8192, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
              MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
  abort ();
}
--- end mkmmapcore.c ---

Compile it like this:

gcc -g -o mkmmapcore mkmmapcore.c

Now let's run it from GDB.  I've already placed a breakpoint on the
line with the abort() call and have run to that breakpoint.

Breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffd678) at mkmmapcore.c:11
11	  abort ();
(gdb) x/x buf
0x7ffff7fcb000:	0x00000000

Note that we can examine the memory allocated via the call to mmap().

Now let's try debugging a core file created by running this program.
Depending on your system, in order to make a core file, you may have to
run the following as root (or using sudo):

    echo core > /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern

It may also be necessary to do:

    ulimit -c unlimited

I'm using Fedora 31. YMMV if you're using one of the BSDs or some other
(non-Linux) system.

This is what things look like when we debug the core file:

    [kev@f31-1 tmp]$ gdb -q ./mkmmapcore core.304767
    Reading symbols from ./mkmmapcore...
    [New LWP 304767]
    Core was generated by `/tmp/mkmmapcore'.
    Program terminated with signal SIGABRT, Aborted.
    #0  __GI_raise (sig=sig@entry=6) at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/raise.c:50
    50	  return ret;
    (gdb) x/x buf
    0x7ffff7fcb000:	Cannot access memory at address 0x7ffff7fcb000

Note that we can no longer access the memory region allocated by mmap().

Back in 2007, a hack for GDB was added to _bfd_elf_make_section_from_phdr()
in bfd/elf.c:

	  /* Hack for gdb.  Segments that have not been modified do
	     not have their contents written to a core file, on the
	     assumption that a debugger can find the contents in the
	     executable.  We flag this case by setting the fake
	     section size to zero.  Note that "real" bss sections will
	     always have their contents dumped to the core file.  */
	  if (bfd_get_format (abfd) == bfd_core)
	    newsect->size = 0;

You can find the entire patch plus links to other discussion starting
here:

    https://sourceware.org/ml/binutils/2007-08/msg00047.html

This hack sets the size of certain BFD sections to 0, which
effectively causes GDB to ignore them.  I think it's likely that the
bug described above existed even before this hack was added, but I
have no easy way to test this now.

The output from objdump -h shows the result of this hack:

 25 load13        00000000  00007ffff7fcb000  0000000000000000  00013000  2**12
                  ALLOC

(The first field, after load13, shows the size of 0.)

Once the hack is removed, the output from objdump -h shows the correct
size:

 25 load13        00002000  00007ffff7fcb000  0000000000000000  00013000  2**12
                  ALLOC

(This is a digression, but I think it's good that objdump will now show
the correct size.)

If we remove the hack from bfd/elf.c, but do nothing to GDB, we'll
see the following regression:

FAIL: gdb.base/corefile.exp: print coremaker_ro

The reason for this is that all sections which have the BFD flag
SEC_ALLOC set, but for which SEC_HAS_CONTENTS is not set no longer
have zero size.  Some of these sections have data that can (and should)
be read from the executable.  But, due to the way that the target
strata are traversed when attempting to access memory, the
non-SEC_HAS_CONTENTS sections will be read as zeroes from the
process_stratum (which in this case is the core file stratum) without
first checking the file stratum, which is where the data might actually
be found.

What we should be doing is this:

- Attempt to access core file data for SEC_HAS_CONTENTS sections.
- Attempt to access executable file data if the above fails.
- Attempt to access core file data for non SEC_HAS_CONTENTS sections, if
  both of the above fail.

That's what this commit does.  See the comments in the patch for
additional details.

gdb/ChangeLog:

	* corelow.c (class core_target): Add new field
	m_core_no_contents_section_table.
	(core_target::core_target): Initialize
	m_core_no_contents_section_table.
	(core_target::~core_target): Free data structure associated
	with m_core_no_contents_section_table.
	(core_target::files_info): Print section info associated with
	m_core_no_contents_section_table.
	(core_target:xfer_partial): Revise TARGET_OBJECT_MEMORY case
	to consider the stratum beneath the core target as well as
	m_core_no_contents_section_table.
---
 gdb/corelow.c | 80 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 73 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)