diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-c-support.c b/gdb/compile/compile-c-support.c
index 5c700bb..28a07dc 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-c-support.c
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-c-support.c
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ public:
 	   register struct before the function body.  This requires a
 	   temporary stream.  */
 	gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<unsigned char> registers_used
-	  = generate_c_for_variable_locations (m_instance, var_stream, m_arch,
+	  = generate_c_for_variable_locations (m_instance, &var_stream, m_arch,
 					       expr_block, expr_pc);
 
 	buf.puts ("typedef unsigned int"
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-c-symbols.c b/gdb/compile/compile-c-symbols.c
index e7423d1..e877b78 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-c-symbols.c
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-c-symbols.c
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ symbol_seen (htab_t hashtab, struct symbol *sym)
 
 static void
 generate_vla_size (compile_instance *compiler,
-		   string_file &stream,
+		   string_file *stream,
 		   struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 		   unsigned char *registers_used,
 		   CORE_ADDR pc,
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ generate_vla_size (compile_instance *compiler,
 
 static void
 generate_c_for_for_one_variable (compile_instance *compiler,
-				 string_file &stream,
+				 string_file *stream,
 				 struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 				 unsigned char *registers_used,
 				 CORE_ADDR pc,
@@ -556,10 +556,10 @@ generate_c_for_for_one_variable (compile_instance *compiler,
 	     occurs in the middle.  */
 	  string_file local_file;
 
-	  generate_vla_size (compiler, local_file, gdbarch, registers_used, pc,
+	  generate_vla_size (compiler, &local_file, gdbarch, registers_used, pc,
 			     SYMBOL_TYPE (sym), sym);
 
-	  stream.write (local_file.c_str (), local_file.size ());
+	  stream->write (local_file.c_str (), local_file.size ());
 	}
 
       if (SYMBOL_COMPUTED_OPS (sym) != NULL)
@@ -570,12 +570,12 @@ generate_c_for_for_one_variable (compile_instance *compiler,
 	     occurs in the middle.  */
 	  string_file local_file;
 
-	  SYMBOL_COMPUTED_OPS (sym)->generate_c_location (sym, local_file,
+	  SYMBOL_COMPUTED_OPS (sym)->generate_c_location (sym, &local_file,
 							  gdbarch,
 							  registers_used,
 							  pc,
 							  generated_name.get ());
-	  stream.write (local_file.c_str (), local_file.size ());
+	  stream->write (local_file.c_str (), local_file.size ());
 	}
       else
 	{
@@ -611,7 +611,7 @@ generate_c_for_for_one_variable (compile_instance *compiler,
 
 gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<unsigned char>
 generate_c_for_variable_locations (compile_instance *compiler,
-				   string_file &stream,
+				   string_file *stream,
 				   struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 				   const struct block *block,
 				   CORE_ADDR pc)
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-c-types.c b/gdb/compile/compile-c-types.c
index 30a4fcb..33b4a87 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-c-types.c
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-c-types.c
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ compile_c_instance::convert_type (struct type *type)
   type = check_typedef (type);
 
   gcc_type result;
-  if (get_cached_type (type, result))
+  if (get_cached_type (type, &result))
     return result;
 
   result = convert_type_basic (this, type);
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-c.h b/gdb/compile/compile-c.h
index 18ff4d3..aa11a13 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-c.h
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-c.h
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ private:
 extern gdb::unique_xmalloc_ptr<unsigned char>
   generate_c_for_variable_locations
      (compile_instance *compiler,
-      string_file &stream,
+      string_file *stream,
       struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
       const struct block *block,
       CORE_ADDR pc);
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-cplus-types.c b/gdb/compile/compile-cplus-types.c
index 7fc4136..ab4a48b 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-cplus-types.c
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-cplus-types.c
@@ -247,14 +247,13 @@ operator!= (const compile_scope &lhs, const compile_scope &rhs)
 /* See description in compile-cplus.h.  */
 
 void
-compile_cplus_instance::enter_scope (compile_scope &new_scope)
+compile_cplus_instance::enter_scope (const compile_scope &new_scope)
 {
   bool must_push = m_scopes.empty () || m_scopes.back () != new_scope;
 
-  new_scope.m_pushed = must_push;
-
   /* Save the new scope.  */
   m_scopes.push_back (new_scope);
+  m_scopes.back().m_pushed = must_push;
 
   if (must_push)
     {
@@ -360,7 +359,7 @@ compile_cplus_instance::new_scope (const char *type_name, struct type *type)
 	     class, the previous call will give us that type's gcc_type.
 	     Upper layers are expecting to get the original type's
 	     gcc_type!  */
-	  get_cached_type (type, scope.m_nested_type);
+	  get_cached_type (type, &scope.m_nested_type);
 	  return scope;
 	}
     }
@@ -1211,7 +1210,7 @@ compile_cplus_instance::convert_type (struct type *type,
 {
   /* Check if TYPE has already been converted.  */
   gcc_type result;
-  if (get_cached_type (type, result))
+  if (get_cached_type (type, &result))
     return result;
 
   /* It is the first time this type has been seen -- convert it
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-cplus.h b/gdb/compile/compile-cplus.h
index 7baa57d..b7c4df5 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-cplus.h
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-cplus.h
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ public:
   compile_scope new_scope (const char *type_name, struct type *type);
 
   /* Enter the given NEW_SCOPE.  */
-  void enter_scope (compile_scope &scope);
+  void enter_scope (const compile_scope &scope);
 
   /* Leave the current scope.  */
   void leave_scope ();
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-internal.h b/gdb/compile/compile-internal.h
index a6e7330..2df8b89 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-internal.h
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-internal.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public:
 
   /* Query the type cache for TYPE, returning the compiler's
      type for it in RET.  */
-  bool get_cached_type (struct type *type, gcc_type &ret) const;
+  bool get_cached_type (struct type *type, gcc_type *ret) const;
 
   /* Insert GCC_TYPE into the type cache for TYPE.
 
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile-loc2c.c b/gdb/compile/compile-loc2c.c
index bd080f8..1997e9a 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile-loc2c.c
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile-loc2c.c
@@ -430,9 +430,9 @@ compute_stack_depth (enum bfd_endian byte_order, unsigned int addr_size,
 /* Emit code to push a constant.  */
 
 static void
-push (int indent, string_file &stream, ULONGEST l)
+push (int indent, string_file *stream, ULONGEST l)
 {
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 		     "__gdb_stack[++__gdb_tos] = (" GCC_UINTPTR ") %s;\n",
 		     hex_string (l));
 }
@@ -440,57 +440,57 @@ push (int indent, string_file &stream, ULONGEST l)
 /* Emit code to push an arbitrary expression.  This works like
    printf.  */
 
-static void pushf (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
+static void pushf (int indent, string_file *stream, const char *format, ...)
   ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF (3, 4);
 
 static void
-pushf (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
+pushf (int indent, string_file *stream, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list args;
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos + 1] = ");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos + 1] = ");
   va_start (args, format);
-  stream.vprintf (format, args);
+  stream->vprintf (format, args);
   va_end (args);
-  stream.puts (";\n");
+  stream->puts (";\n");
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "++__gdb_tos;\n");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "++__gdb_tos;\n");
 }
 
 /* Emit code for a unary expression -- one which operates in-place on
    the top-of-stack.  This works like printf.  */
 
-static void unary (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
+static void unary (int indent, string_file *stream, const char *format, ...)
   ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF (3, 4);
 
 static void
-unary (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
+unary (int indent, string_file *stream, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list args;
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos] = ");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos] = ");
   va_start (args, format);
-  stream.vprintf (format, args);
+  stream->vprintf (format, args);
   va_end (args);
-  stream.puts (";\n");
+  stream->puts (";\n");
 }
 
 /* Emit code for a unary expression -- one which uses the top two
    stack items, popping the topmost one.  This works like printf.  */
-static void binary (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
+static void binary (int indent, string_file *stream, const char *format, ...)
   ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF (3, 4);
 
 static void
-binary (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
+binary (int indent, string_file *stream, const char *format, ...)
 {
   va_list args;
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 1] = ");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 1] = ");
   va_start (args, format);
-  stream.vprintf (format, args);
+  stream->vprintf (format, args);
   va_end (args);
-  stream.puts (";\n");
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "--__gdb_tos;\n");
+  stream->puts (";\n");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "--__gdb_tos;\n");
 }
 
 /* Print the name of a label given its "SCOPE", an arbitrary integer
@@ -498,9 +498,9 @@ binary (int indent, string_file &stream, const char *format, ...)
    corresponding to the label's point of definition.  */
 
 static void
-print_label (string_file &stream, unsigned int scope, int target)
+print_label (string_file *stream, unsigned int scope, int target)
 {
-  stream.printf ("__label_%u_%s", scope, pulongest (target));
+  stream->printf ("__label_%u_%s", scope, pulongest (target));
 }
 
 /* Emit code that pushes a register's address on the stack.
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ print_label (string_file &stream, unsigned int scope, int target)
    register was needed by this expression.  */
 
 static void
-pushf_register_address (int indent, string_file &stream,
+pushf_register_address (int indent, string_file *stream,
 			unsigned char *registers_used,
 			struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum)
 {
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@ pushf_register_address (int indent, string_file &stream,
    register's value before it is pushed.  */
 
 static void
-pushf_register (int indent, string_file &stream,
+pushf_register (int indent, string_file *stream,
 		unsigned char *registers_used,
 		struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum, uint64_t offset)
 {
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ pushf_register (int indent, string_file &stream,
    things.  */
 
 static void
-do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
+do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file *stream,
 			    const char *type_name,
 			    const char *result_name,
 			    struct symbol *sym, CORE_ADDR pc,
@@ -596,9 +596,9 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 
   ++scope;
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "__attribute__ ((unused)) %s %s;\n",
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "__attribute__ ((unused)) %s %s;\n",
 		     type_name, result_name);
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "{\n");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "{\n");
   indent += 2;
 
   stack_depth = compute_stack_depth (byte_order, addr_size,
@@ -634,19 +634,19 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 		 "compiled code."),
 	       SYMBOL_PRINT_NAME (sym));
 
-      fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "%s = %s;\n",
+      fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "%s = %s;\n",
 			 result_name,
 			 core_addr_to_string (value_address (val)));
-      fprintfi_filtered (indent - 2, &stream, "}\n");
+      fprintfi_filtered (indent - 2, stream, "}\n");
       return;
     }
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, GCC_UINTPTR " __gdb_stack[%d];\n",
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, GCC_UINTPTR " __gdb_stack[%d];\n",
 		     stack_depth);
 
   if (need_tempvar)
-    fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, GCC_UINTPTR " __gdb_tmp;\n");
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "int __gdb_tos = -1;\n");
+    fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, GCC_UINTPTR " __gdb_tmp;\n");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "int __gdb_tos = -1;\n");
 
   if (initial != NULL)
     pushf (indent, stream, "%s", core_addr_to_string (*initial));
@@ -657,13 +657,13 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
       uint64_t uoffset, reg;
       int64_t offset;
 
-      print_spaces (indent - 2, &stream);
+      print_spaces (indent - 2, stream);
       if (info[op_ptr - base].label)
 	{
 	  print_label (stream, scope, op_ptr - base);
-	  stream.puts (":;");
+	  stream->puts (":;");
 	}
-      stream.printf ("/* %s */\n", get_DW_OP_name (op));
+      stream->printf ("/* %s */\n", get_DW_OP_name (op));
 
       /* This is handy for debugging the generated code:
       fprintf_filtered (stream, "if (__gdb_tos != %d) abort ();\n",
@@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_drop:
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "--__gdb_tos;\n");
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "--__gdb_tos;\n");
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_pick:
@@ -915,13 +915,13 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_swap:
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 			     "__gdb_tmp = __gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 1];\n");
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 			     "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 1] = "
 			     "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos];\n");
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, ("__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos] = "
-					       "__gdb_tmp;\n"));
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, ("__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos] = "
+					      "__gdb_tmp;\n"));
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_over:
@@ -929,15 +929,15 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_rot:
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, ("__gdb_tmp = "
-					       "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos];\n"));
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, ("__gdb_tmp = "
+					      "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos];\n"));
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 			     "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos] = "
 			     "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 1];\n");
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 			     "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 1] = "
 			     "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos -2];\n");
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 2] = "
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos - 2] = "
 			     "__gdb_tmp;\n");
 	  break;
 
@@ -959,7 +959,7 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 
 	    /* Cast to a pointer of the desired type, then
 	       dereference.  */
-	    fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+	    fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 			       "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos] = "
 			       "*((__gdb_int_%s *) "
 			       "__gdb_stack[__gdb_tos]);\n",
@@ -1085,19 +1085,19 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 	case DW_OP_skip:
 	  offset = extract_signed_integer (op_ptr, 2, byte_order);
 	  op_ptr += 2;
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "goto ");
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "goto ");
 	  print_label (stream, scope, op_ptr + offset - base);
-	  stream.puts (";\n");
+	  stream->puts (";\n");
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_bra:
 	  offset = extract_signed_integer (op_ptr, 2, byte_order);
 	  op_ptr += 2;
-	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream,
+	  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream,
 			     "if ((( " GCC_INTPTR
 			     ") __gdb_stack[__gdb_tos--]) != 0) goto ");
 	  print_label (stream, scope, op_ptr + offset - base);
-	  stream.puts (";\n");
+	  stream->puts (";\n");
 	  break;
 
 	case DW_OP_nop:
@@ -1108,15 +1108,15 @@ do_compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (int indent, string_file &stream,
 	}
     }
 
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent, &stream, "%s = __gdb_stack[__gdb_tos];\n",
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent, stream, "%s = __gdb_stack[__gdb_tos];\n",
 		     result_name);
-  fprintfi_filtered (indent - 2, &stream, "}\n");
+  fprintfi_filtered (indent - 2, stream, "}\n");
 }
 
 /* See compile.h.  */
 
 void
-compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (string_file &stream, const char *result_name,
+compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (string_file *stream, const char *result_name,
 			 struct symbol *sym, CORE_ADDR pc,
 			 struct gdbarch *arch, unsigned char *registers_used,
 			 unsigned int addr_size,
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (string_file &stream, const char *result_name,
 /* See compile.h.  */
 
 void
-compile_dwarf_bounds_to_c (string_file &stream,
+compile_dwarf_bounds_to_c (string_file *stream,
 			   const char *result_name,
 			   const struct dynamic_prop *prop,
 			   struct symbol *sym, CORE_ADDR pc,
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile.c b/gdb/compile/compile.c
index 6d51006..f4d2091 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile.c
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile.c
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ compile_instance::compile_instance (struct gcc_base_context *gcc_fe,
 /* See compile-internal.h.  */
 
 bool
-compile_instance::get_cached_type (struct type *type, gcc_type &ret) const
+compile_instance::get_cached_type (struct type *type, gcc_type *ret) const
 {
   struct type_map_instance inst, *found;
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ compile_instance::get_cached_type (struct type *type, gcc_type &ret) const
   found = (struct type_map_instance *) htab_find (m_type_map.get (), &inst);
   if (found != NULL)
     {
-      ret = found->gcc_type_handle;
+      *ret = found->gcc_type_handle;
       return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/gdb/compile/compile.h b/gdb/compile/compile.h
index 6e03d7e..89cc00f 100644
--- a/gdb/compile/compile.h
+++ b/gdb/compile/compile.h
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ extern void eval_compile_command (struct command_line *cmd,
    PER_CU is the per-CU object used for looking up various other
    things.  */
 
-extern void compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (string_file &stream,
+extern void compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (string_file *stream,
 				     const char *result_name,
 				     struct symbol *sym,
 				     CORE_ADDR pc,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ extern void compile_dwarf_expr_to_c (string_file &stream,
    PER_CU is the per-CU object used for looking up various other
    things.  */
 
-extern void compile_dwarf_bounds_to_c (string_file &stream,
+extern void compile_dwarf_bounds_to_c (string_file *stream,
 				       const char *result_name,
 				       const struct dynamic_prop *prop,
 				       struct symbol *sym, CORE_ADDR pc,
diff --git a/gdb/dwarf2loc.c b/gdb/dwarf2loc.c
index 200fa03..ae5421e 100644
--- a/gdb/dwarf2loc.c
+++ b/gdb/dwarf2loc.c
@@ -2747,7 +2747,7 @@ dwarf2_evaluate_property (const struct dynamic_prop *prop,
 /* See dwarf2loc.h.  */
 
 void
-dwarf2_compile_property_to_c (string_file &stream,
+dwarf2_compile_property_to_c (string_file *stream,
 			      const char *result_name,
 			      struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 			      unsigned char *registers_used,
@@ -4478,7 +4478,7 @@ locexpr_tracepoint_var_ref (struct symbol *symbol, struct agent_expr *ax,
 /* symbol_computed_ops 'generate_c_location' method.  */
 
 static void
-locexpr_generate_c_location (struct symbol *sym, string_file &stream,
+locexpr_generate_c_location (struct symbol *sym, string_file *stream,
 			     struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 			     unsigned char *registers_used,
 			     CORE_ADDR pc, const char *result_name)
@@ -4688,7 +4688,7 @@ loclist_tracepoint_var_ref (struct symbol *symbol, struct agent_expr *ax,
 /* symbol_computed_ops 'generate_c_location' method.  */
 
 static void
-loclist_generate_c_location (struct symbol *sym, string_file &stream,
+loclist_generate_c_location (struct symbol *sym, string_file *stream,
 			     struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 			     unsigned char *registers_used,
 			     CORE_ADDR pc, const char *result_name)
diff --git a/gdb/dwarf2loc.h b/gdb/dwarf2loc.h
index f82e7b2..40b7906 100644
--- a/gdb/dwarf2loc.h
+++ b/gdb/dwarf2loc.h
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ int dwarf2_evaluate_property (const struct dynamic_prop *prop,
    evaluated.
    SYM the originating symbol, used for error reporting.  */
 
-void dwarf2_compile_property_to_c (string_file &stream,
+void dwarf2_compile_property_to_c (string_file *stream,
 				   const char *result_name,
 				   struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 				   unsigned char *registers_used,
diff --git a/gdb/symtab.h b/gdb/symtab.h
index e0fe17a..399666b 100644
--- a/gdb/symtab.h
+++ b/gdb/symtab.h
@@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ struct symbol_computed_ops
      The generated C code must assign the location to a local
      variable; this variable's name is RESULT_NAME.  */
 
-  void (*generate_c_location) (struct symbol *symbol, string_file &stream,
+  void (*generate_c_location) (struct symbol *symbol, string_file *stream,
 			       struct gdbarch *gdbarch,
 			       unsigned char *registers_used,
 			       CORE_ADDR pc, const char *result_name);
