Using libthread_db.so with single-threaded programs, for TLS access

  On 09/13/2017 12:22 PM, Pedro Alves wrote:
> On 09/07/2017 12:34 PM, Pedro Alves wrote:
>> On 09/06/2017 10:03 PM, Zack Weinberg wrote:
>>
>>> So, changes to both gdb and libthread_db seem to be required here.  I
>>> do think that _in principle_ it ought to be possible to use
>>> libthread_db to retrieve the address of thread-local data even if the
>>> inferior is not linked with libpthread; glibc has quite a few
>>> thread-specific variables (errno most prominent, of course, but also
>>> h_errno, _res, etc), and so might any library which can be used from
>>> both single- and multithreaded programs.
>>>
>>> This is really not code I feel comfortable hacking up, though, and
>>> it's probably more of a project than I have time for, in any case.
>>
>> Sounds like a promising approach though.  I'd like to see this path
>> explored a bit more.  I'll keep this in my TODO, even though it's
>> not likely to bubble up very soon.  Thanks for the discussion/ideas!
> 
> So I played with this a bit more on the plane back from Cauldron,
> to try to see if we'd hit some major roadblock.  I also chatted
> with Carlos a bit about this back at the Cauldron, and seemingly
> there's no major reason this can't be made to work,
> TLS-internals-wise.
> 
> Seems like that it's mainly a case of moving libthread_db.so-related
> symbols from libpthread.so elsewhere.  More below.
> 
> I hacked libthread_db.so to disable the nptl_version check, so that
> it always successfully loads with non-threaded programs.  And then
> I tweaked GDB enough to make it actually reach libthread_db.so's
> td_thr_tls_get_addr in that scenario too.  That's when I hit
> another snag: the symbols that libthread_db.so needs which describe
> the necessary offsets of internal data structures for getting at the
> TLS blocks are also in libpthread.so...  In particular, the first
> we stumble on is "_thread_db_link_map_l_tls_modid".  I made GDB
> print the symbol lookups to make it easier to debug.  Vis:
> 
>  (gdb) p errno
>  ps_pglobal_lookup: name="__stack_user" => PS_NOSYM
>  warning: Cannot find user-level thread for LWP 31772: generic error
>  ps_pglobal_lookup: name="_thread_db_link_map_l_tls_modid" => PS_NOSYM
>  Cannot find thread-local storage for process 31772, shared library /lib64/libc.so.6:
>  operation not applicable to
> 
> The lookup is coming from here:
> 
>  (top-gdb) bt
>  #0  ps_pglobal_lookup (ph=0x1f65fe0, obj=0x7fffe58f93ae "libpthread.so.0", name=0x7fffe58f9e48 "_thread_db_link_map_l_tls_modid", sym_addr=0x7fffffffc428) at src/gdb/proc-service.c:115
>  #1  0x00007fffe58f88a8 in td_mod_lookup (ps=<optimized out>, mod=mod@entry=0x7fffe58f93ae "libpthread.so.0", idx=<optimized out>, sym_addr=sym_addr@entry=0x7fffffffc428)
>      at td_symbol_list.c:48
>  #2  0x00007fffe58f8f45 in _td_locate_field (ta=ta@entry=0x1f84df0, desc=desc@entry=0x1f84fbc, descriptor_name=descriptor_name@entry=43, idx=idx@entry=0x0, 
>      address=address@entry=0x7fffffffc458) at fetch-value.c:54
>  #3  0x00007fffe58f8ff0 in _td_fetch_value (ta=0x1f84df0, desc=0x1f84fbc, descriptor_name=descriptor_name@entry=43, idx=idx@entry=0x0, address=0x7ffff7ff7658, 
>      result=result@entry=0x7fffffffc498) at fetch-value.c:94
>  #4  0x00007fffe58f8ddf in td_thr_tls_get_addr (th=0x7fffffffc4e0, map_address=<optimized out>, offset=16, address=0x7fffffffc4f8) at td_thr_tls_get_addr.c:31
>  ...
> 
> So we'd need to move that symbol (and maybe others) to one of ld.so/libc.so
> instead.  AFAICT, those magic symbols are described in nptl_db/structs.def.
> I haven't looked enough to figure out what ends up expanding those macros
> in libpthread.so.  This is where I stopped.
> 
> I'm attaching the gdb and libthread_db.so patches I used, both against current
> master in their respective projects.  See comments within the patches.
> I've also pushed the gdb patch to a "users/palves/tls-nonthreaded" branch.
> (I don't think I have write access to glibc's git.)

I played some more with this tonight, and got it working.
I found that libpthread.so gets the symbols from structs.def
via this bit in pthread_create.c:

~~~
 /* Information for libthread_db.  */

 #include "../nptl_db/db_info.c"
~~~

So I added the same thing to elf/dl-tls.c (because TLS stuff),
with a tweak to structs.def to make it skip some symbols.

Compared to the other version, I also defined nptl_version so that
libthread_db.so's version check works.  And I made td_ta_map_lwp2thr
return the initial thread's fake descriptor when __stack_used isn't
found, so that gdb gets back a descriptor instead of an error.

I haven't tried running glibc's testsuite, nor gdb's.

But, with:

 GLIBC=/home/pedro/src/glibc/build/ gcc \
   -Wl,-rpath=${GLIBC}:${GLIBC}/math:${GLIBC}/elf:${GLIBC}/dlfcn:${GLIBC}/nss:${GLIBC}/nis:${GLIBC}/rt:${GLIBC}/resolv:${GLIBC}/crypt:${GLIBC}/nptl:${GLIBC}/dfp \
   -Wl,--dynamic-linker=${GLIBC}/elf/ld.so \
   -g -O0 \
   errno.c -o errno

 $ gdb 
    -ex "set debug libthread-db 1" \
    -ex "set auto-load safe-path /home/pedro/src/glibc/build/nptl_db/" \
    -ex "set libthread-db-search-path /home/pedro/src/glibc/build/nptl_db/" \
   ~/tmp/errno

I get:

 ...
 Temporary breakpoint 1, main () at errno.c:6
 6         errno = 2;
 (gdb) p errno
 $1 = 0
 (gdb) n
 7         return errno;
 (gdb) p errno
 $2 = 2
 (gdb) p &errno
 $3 = (int *) 0x7ffff7ff36c0

So WDYT?  Do you think there's a chance we could get something
like this merged?

Thanks,
Pedro Alves

Using libthread_db.so with single-threaded programs, for TLS access

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